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AP United States History > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the causes of the French and Indian War?

A

British colonists were enroaching on land in the Ohio River Valley that the French laid claim to;
Territorial disputes in the Ohio River Valley

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2
Q

When did the French and Indian War begin?

A

1754

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3
Q

What was the Albany Congress/Albany Convention?

A

A meeting in which delegates from several British colonies discusses a more organized colonial response to frontier defense, trade, and westward expansion

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4
Q

What was the Albany Plan of Union?

A

-Proposed by Benjamin Franklin
-Under this plan, colonies would establish a council of representatives to discuss frontier defense, trade, and westward expansion
-Was rejected because of the taxation required for it to exist

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5
Q

What was the Peace of Paris 1763?

A

Ended the French and Indian War

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6
Q

What were the effects of the Peace of Paris 1763?

A

-Spain ceded Florida to the British
-French were ousted from the North American continent and Spanish were given control of former French lands
-The Ohio River Valley was granted to the British

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7
Q

What were the two main effects of the French and Indian War?

A

-American colonists were hungry to push westward, which intensified conflicts with the natives (all culminating in the Proclamation Line of 1763)
-The British national debt roughly doubled, so taxes were raised

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8
Q

What is salutary neglect?

A

The British Parliament left many of the day to day decisions of political rule to the colonists themselves;
Example was that the colonists didn’t really abide by the Navigation Acts and Britain didn’t really enforce it either

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9
Q

What was Grenville’s Plan to get rid of salutary neglect?

A

-Stricter enforcement of current laws
-Extend wartime provisions into peacetime (Thus, the Quartering Act of 1765)

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10
Q

What was the Sugar Act?

A

Imposed taxes on coffee, wine, various luxury items, and molasses

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11
Q

What was the Stamp Act of 1765, the most infamous of the acts?

A

Tax on all paper items produced in the colonies, like newspapers

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12
Q

What was the Currency Act?

A

Prohibited colonial assemblies from printing their own paper currency

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13
Q

What were the colonists’ issue with all these taxes?

A

They were being taxed without representation in Parliament

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14
Q

What were some organized resistance efforts to the Stamp Act?

A

-Sons of Liberty/Daughters of Liberty
-Vox Populi
-Stamp Act Congress

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15
Q

Parliament repealed the Sugar and Stamp Acts in 1766. What act did they pass to void this?

A

Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the right to pass whatever law they wanted in the colonies

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16
Q

What were the Townshend Acts?

A

Acts that levied taxes on paper, tea, and glass

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17
Q

What was the Boston Massacre of 1770?

A

A group of boys and young men began harassing a group of British soldiers; someone eventually fired a gun, and that led soldiers to fire their own guns into the crowd

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18
Q

What was the Boston Tea Part of 1773?

A

A response to the Tea Act, which was a tax on tea and granted exclusive rights to the BEIC to buy and ship tea to the colonies;
Members of the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the sea

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19
Q

What were the Coercive Acts?

A

A response to the Boston Tea Party;
Closed down the Boston harbor until the tea was paid for

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20
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts?

A

Coercive Acts + Quartering Act renewed

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21
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts?

A

Coercive Acts + Quartering Act renewed

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22
Q

What was the Continental Congress of 1774?

A

Delegates from every colony (except Georgia) deliberates about what the colonists ought to do regarding Britain’s increasing legislative tyranny

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23
Q

Where did colonists get their idea of rebellion from?

A

The Enlightenment

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24
Q

How did “Two Treatises of Government” by John Locke impact leaders of the colonial delegations?

A

-Consent of the governed, which states that the power to govern is in the hands of the people
-Natural rights (life, liberty, and property)
-Self-rule through elective representatives

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25
Q

How did Montesquieu impact colonial leaders?

A

His writings led colonial leaders to believe that a republican form of government was the best kind of government;
He presented separation of powers in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches;
Checks and balances

26
Q

What was one factor that caused people’s idea of being a British citizen to turn into becoming independent of Britain?

A

The publication of “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine;
His ideas were directed to the public since Enligtenment ideas were more for the elite

27
Q

What was significant about the Second Continental Congress in 1776?

A

A formal resolution for independence was put on the floor

28
Q

Who were the Loyalists?

A

Colonists who wanted to remain loyal to the British Parliament

29
Q

How did the Americans win the war?

A

-Washington realized that the only way to win was a war of attrition
-Alliance with France based on the opportunity to weaken Britain (which came from the Battle of Saratoga, 1777)
-Alliance with Spain and Holland, which spread out British resources and increased the cost of the conflict

30
Q

How did revolutionary ideals affect American society?

A

-Rise in democratic sentiments led to many northern states abolishing slavery and the Continental Congress abolishing the enslaved laborers (temporarily)
-Opening of state and national government and that titles were not passed down by inheritance
-Republican Motherhood became a notion – the idea that women were vital to a healthy democracy bcs they raised sons on republican ideals

31
Q

How did revolutionary ideals affect the world?

A

-Inspired revolutionary movements throughout the world through the establishment of a republic
-French Revolution, 1789
-Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (protections of basic human rights and provided for a limited monarchy)
-Haiti Revolution, 1791 (resulted in the first black-led independent nation in the Western Hemisphere)

32
Q

What did the Declaration of Independence do?

A

It officially meant that America was separated from the authority of the British government

32
Q

What did the Declaration of Independence do?

A

It officially meant that America was separated from the authority of the British government

33
Q

In state governments before and during the Revolution, who did power mostly go to?

A

The legislative branch, which consisted of representatives of the people

34
Q

What are some important facts about the Articles of Confederation?

A

-Did not provide for an executive branch
-Power lay mostly in the legislative
-No national supreme court

35
Q

What good law was passed under the government formed by the Articles of Confederation?

A

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

36
Q

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?

A

-Abolished slavery in the Northwest Territory
-Provided a means for western territories to apply for statehood

37
Q

What was the worst thing to come from the government formed by the Articles of Confederation?

A

Shays’s Rebellion;
Proved that the article needed replacing

38
Q

What happened in Shays’s Rebellion?

A

In which Daniel Shays and a group of farmers headed down to the town arsenal to arm themselves

39
Q

Why was Shays’s Rebellion important?

A

Because it emphasized the lack of a president and federal army, which meant that there would be no power to turn to in times of rebellion

40
Q

What was the Constitutional Convention in 1787?

A

In which delegates from the states discussed whether or not to revise the Articles of Confederation or make an entirely new Constitution

41
Q

What was the Virginia Plan?

A

-Strong centralized state
-Bicameral legislature (two houses in Congress)
-Repesentation based on population

42
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

-Unicameral legislative
-Every state had equal representatives

43
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A

Provided for a bicameral legislature (the House of Representatives would represent the states by population and the Senate would represent each state equally by giving each state two votes)

44
Q

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A

Stated that 3/5 of the enslaved population could be added to the population for the purposes of representation

45
Q

How did voting for representatives work?

A

House of Representatives
-Elected directly by the people
-Two year terms

Senate
-Elected by states legislatures
-Six year terms

Executive Branch
-Elected by a process governed by the Electoral College
-Power to elect the president would be in a small group of people apt for voting

46
Q

What were the Federalists?

A

Believed in the Constitution

47
Q

What were the Federalist Papers?

A

Explained the nature of the Constitution and why the states needed to ratify it

47
Q

What were one of the main issuess Anti-Federalists had with the Constitution?

A

Lack of a Bill of Rights, protection against the government’s intrusion on individual liberties

48
Q

Who advocated for the establishment of a National Bank?

A

Alexander Hamilton

49
Q

Why did Hamilton want to establish a National Bank?

A

He believed it would unify the states and improve the credit of the United States (by absorbing each state’s debts from the Revolutionary War into a national debt);
Stabilized the shaky economy

50
Q

What would creating a national debt do?

A

Enable the U.S. to borrow money from other nations and increase the dependence of the states upon the federal government

51
Q

What does the elastic clause say (also the clause that Hamilton used to support the establishment of a national bank)?

A

That Congress can carry out all legislation both explicitly and implicitly stated

52
Q

What was the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)?

A

Stated that the U.S. would not have any involvement in the French Revolution

53
Q

What was Jay’ Treaty?

A

The British agreed to give up its posts on the western frontier of American territory

54
Q

What was the Pinckney Treaty (1795)?

A

-Let Americans used the port at New Orleans for trade
-The southern border of the U.S. is the 31st parallel

55
Q

How was the Whiskey Rebellion important?

A

It proved that the Constitution could indeed do its job

56
Q

What was the two party system that arose over disagreements over the Constitution?

A

Federalists (strong central government; urban interests) and Anti-Federalists (state governments; rural/agricultural interest)

57
Q

What does Washington do in his Farewell Address?

A

Warned against the dangers of factions and political parties;
Warned against involvement with other nations

58
Q

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

Alien Acts - gave the government power to deport immigrants
Sedition Acts - made it illegal to criticize the government publically

59
Q

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts seen poorly?

A

They were an overreach of federal power and violated the First Amendment

60
Q

What was the response to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (states could nullify any law passed by the federal government if it was an overreach of federal power)

AP United States History (9 decks)

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