Unit 6

Question 1

What caused westward settlement?

Answer 1

-Easier transportation via the railroad (the transcontinental railroad was built)
-Motivation via the Homestead Act
-Discovery of gold and silver

Question 2

What did the mechanization of argiculture lead to?

Answer 2

-Production increased
-Small farmers became obsolete

Question 3

Why were farmers having railroad problems during this time?

Answer 3

Railroad owners charged high prices for shipping crops

Question 4

What was the National Grange Movement (1868)?

Answer 4

Collective aimed at bringing isolated farmers together for socialization and education

Question 5

What was the Commerce Act of 1886?

Answer 5

Required railroad rates to be reasonable and established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)

Question 6

What did the Homestead Act of 1862 do?

Answer 6

Granted potential migrants 160 acres of land if they farmed and settled it

Question 7

What came from the gold and silver rushes of this period?

Answer 7

Boomtowns

Question 8

Who were the sodbusters?

Answer 8

Homesteaders who were among the first to cut through the soil with their plows

Question 9

What was the significance of Turner’s essay “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”?

Answer 9

-

Question 10

After the Civil War, what vision of the South did Grady have?

Answer 10

A future based on economic diversity, industrial growth, and laissaz-faire economics

Question 11

What was sharecropping?

Answer 11

A system in which people who could not afford to rent or buy lan could work on the fields of a plantation if they give a portion of their harvest to the owner

Question 12

What happened in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer 12

The court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional as long as the facilities are “separate but equal”

Question 13

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Answer 13

They segregated many facets of society into racial divisions

Question 14

What was the International Migration Society?

Answer 14

Facilitated the migration of black Americans to Africa (Liberia)

Question 15

What did Booker T. Washington believe in?

Answer 15

That black people needed to become economically self-sufficient, which would lead to political equality

Question 16

How did industry change in this time period?

Answer 16

Americans began self-producing goods to be sold all over the world

Question 17

How did the railroad affect economy?

Answer 17

Established a nationally intertwined market for sales

Question 18

What was the Bessemer process?

Answer 18

A method to develop refined steel by blasting air through molten iron

Question 19

How did the telegraph change communications?

Answer 19

Communication could travel long distances at the speed of electricity;
After a transatlantic telegraph system was built, an international market was established

Question 20

What happened during the Gilded Age with regards to corporstions?

Answer 20

The rise of large corporations and trusts that dominated industry

Question 21

John D. Rockefeller used horizontal integration. What is it?

Answer 21

A company buys out its competitors until there are none

Question 22

Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration. What is it?

Answer 22

A company acquires all the complementary industries that support its business

Question 23

Why did big corporations rise in this period?

Answer 23

The proliferation of laissez faire economics (no government regulation);
Relied on underpaid laborers;
Social Darwinism to economics

Question 24

What is the Gospel of Wealth?

Answer 24

The idea that the rich had a duty from God to invest their wealth back into society

Question 25

With the rise of industry came what?

Answer 25

Conspicuous consumption (meaningless consumption for the sake of showing off wealth)

Question 26

Why did labor unions form?

Answer 26

To advocate for workers’ rights as a group

Question 27

What was the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

Answer 27

In which unionized railroad workers went on strike to protest lower wages

Question 28

What was the Pullman Strike?

Answer 28

Strike against lower wages but by members of the Pullman Company

Question 29

Where did immigrants in this time period usually go?

Answer 29

To industrial cities

Question 30

What did the middle class and wealthy do during this age with regards to migration?

Answer 30

They established suburban communities

Question 31

What was the Exoduster Movement?

Answer 31

A mass migration of Southern black people into the West

Question 32

What is nativism?

Answer 32

A policy of protecting the interests of native born folks against the interests of immigrants

Question 33

What was the American Protective Association?

Answer 33

An organization against Catholics, more so because many of them were Irish

Question 34

Why did labor unions fear immigrants?

Answer 34

You know.

Question 35

Why did Social Darwinists oppose immigration?

Answer 35

Because they believed that immigrants were racially inferior to the true standard of American whiteness

Question 36

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Answer 36

Banned Chinese immigration

Question 37

How was Jane Addams significant?

Answer 37

She established settlement houses, where immigrants were given guidance to better assimilate into American society

Question 38

What characterized the middle class?

Answer 38

Not too poor, not too rich

Question 39

What came with the rise of the middle class?

Answer 39

The rise of leisure time

Question 40

What were examples of leisure time?

Answer 40

-Coney Island
-P.T. Barnum’s circuses
-Sports

Question 41

What was the Social Gospel?

Answer 41

Christian principles should be applied not merely to oneself but to the cure the ills of society as well

Question 42

What did Carrie Nation do?

Answer 42

She used her hatchet and entered saloons to hack their barrels till their contents spilled

Question 43

How was what large corporate owners made different from Smith’s view of an ideal economy?

Answer 43

Lack of competition