Unit 4 Flashcards
How did the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 impact (at least temporarily) Jefferson’s political views?
Because in purchasing the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson enacts a power that is not explicitly stated in the Constitution;
He justified his action by stating that this land would give opportunites for Native Americans to move westward and increasing American dominion in North America
Why did America want the Louisiana Territory?
It contained the valuable trade waterway, the Mississippi River;
Getting it would give America navigation rights in the Mississippi River
What was Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
Before a Democratic Republican would be formally inagurated as president, Federalist John Adams packed open federal judge seats with Federalist judges (aka the midnight judges); however, Madison decided to note deliver these appointments, one of which was Marbury, who argued that he had a right to his commission under the Judiciary Act
What did John Marshall rule in the Marbury v. Madison case?
That the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional and that Marbury’s appointment was thus also unconstitutional;
This established judicial review
What was McColloch v. Maryland (1819)?
An argument over whether a state had the power to tax a federal bank
What did Marshall declare in the McColloch v. Maryland (1819)?
That a state cannot tax a federal bank;
That national laws trump state laws whenever the two contradict
What caused the War of 1812?
-Continued impressment of American citizens into fighting for the British
-Issues on the frontier (Britain was sending aid to natives attacking westward settlers)
Who were the War Hawks?
Avid advocates for the War of 1812 to defend America’s national honor
The Federalists opposed the War of 1812. What was the Hartford Convention?
They threatened to secede from the Union over this disagreement
What did the victory at the War of 1812 do for the Federalists?
It made them look as though their values no longer lined up with the American public;
The demise of the Federalist Party
What effects did the War of 1812 have?
-It made clear that without a National Bank (the charter expired in 1811), the U.S. did not have a reliable source of credit to raise funds
-How weak systems of transportation and infrastructure were
What was Henry Clay’s American System (in response to the effects of the War of 1812)?
-Federally funded internal improvements
-Federal tariffs (protect U.S. manufacturers)
-Second Bank of the United States
What happened when Missouri applied for statehood?
Settlers already brought in slaves so it was expected for Missouri to be a slave state;
But doing so would affect the political balance in the Senate (11 free states, 11 slave states)
What was the Tallmadge Amendment?
An attempted compromise in which Missouri could enter as a slave state but slavery had to banned after 25 years in the state
What was the Missouri Compromise/Compromise of 1820?
-Missouri would be admitted as a slave state
-Maine, a new state, would be admitted as a free state
-Established the 36 degrees 30’ line as a boundary (above it, free state; below it, slave state)
When did James Monroe become president?
1817
What was the Adams-Onis territory?
Made the sale of the Florida territory to the U.S. official
What happened by 1822?
Many Latin American territories became independent nations
What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?
Said that Europe was not to interfere with the affairs of any nation in the Western Hemisphere
What caused the Market Revolution?
-Increased demand for U.S. goods
-Innovations in transportation, industry, and agriculture
What was the Market Revolution?
Coordinated industry in the United States;
Caused different regional sectors of the economy knit themselves together into a singular economic entity;
Marked America’s transition from an agrarian nation into an industrializaed country
What were the innovations in transportation during the Market Revolution?
-Construction of the National Road (connected Maryland to Illinois)
-Building of canals, like the Erie Canal (which linked Western farms with Eastern manufacturing
-Steamboat
-Railroad (replaced canals for the main mode of trade)
What were the innovations in industrial technology during the Market Revolution?
-Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts
-Birth of the factory section (the interchangeable parts caused this)
What were the innovations in agriculture during the Market Revolution?
-Cotton gin (could separate cotton seeds from cotton fibers quickly)
-Spinning machine (made raw cotton into yarn)
-Commercial farming arose (focused on cash crops like cotton and tobacco)
Who were major players in the Market Revolution?
-Migration from economic opportunity (Irish [from Potato Famine] and German immigrants came to America)
-Northern industry expanded a lot^
-Nativists thus arose in response to immigration^^
What were the effects of the Market Revolution on society and culture?
-Rise of the middle class (skilled workers, like doctors and lawyers)
-With the middle class came ideas on education and temperance
-Rise of leisure time
