Unit 6 - Tissues Flashcards
What is a Tissue?
a group of cells, which are similar in structure and in function.
What are the four major groups that all tissue in the human body are classified in?
- Epithelium
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What is the largest group of tissue?
Connective Tissue
What does Epithelial Tissue do?
covers or lines the entire body surfaces including inner cavities and organs, is closely packed with very little intercellular space, forms membrane sheets and glands.
What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium?
Simple = single layer of cells Stratified = more than one layer of cells
What are the three different types of Epithelial Cells?
- Squamous (thin and flat)
- Cuboidal (cubed)
- Columnar (rectangular)
Why does Epithelial tissue need to be connected to Connective tissue?
Because Epithelial tissue is avascular (does not receive direct blood supply).
Name 5 Epithelium tissue functions
- secretion
- absorption
- filtration
- excretion
- protection.
Where is Simple Squamous Epithelium located? Why is it useful in these places?
The lungs and in the cardiovascular system.
It’s the thinnest type of epithelial tissue so it allows passage of substances by diffusion/osmosis (good for gas exchange + blood diffusion)
What are the two types of Stratified Squamous Epithelium? What are it’s two major functions?
Keratinized (epidermis of the skin)
and non-keratinized (inside of mouth, esophagus, vagina)
Major function: resists abrasion + protection
Where is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium located? What are its 2 major functions?
Lines kidney tubules and ducts of small glands. Functions are secretion and absorption
Where is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium located? What is it’s major function?
Found lining largest of glandular ducts (ex. salivary and sweat glands). Major function is protection.
What are the 3 functions of Columnar Epithelium? Where is it located?
Functions: absorption, secretion and protection.
Lines the intestinal tract, oviducts and uterus
Why can Columnar Epithelium only be PSEUDOstratisfied? Where is this kind located?
Columnar epithelium cannot be stratisfied (layered), it can only be pseudostratisfied (LOOK layered) due to its orientation.
Found lining the respiratory tract.
What are the 5 subclasses of Connective Tissues?
- Loose connective
- Fibrous connective
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
What are the functions of connective tissues?
to connect, support, protect, store fat and fill empty spaces
Do connective tissues have intercellular space? What is it called?
Yes, they contain lots of extracellular space that contains the matrix. In the matrix there are fibers and ground substance.
What 3 cells are typical to loose connective tissue?
Fibroblasts, Collagen fibers, and Elastic fibers.
What are the 2 functions of loose connective tissue? Where is it found?
Functions: to join tissues together and hold organs in place
Located beneath the skin and most epithelial layers
What is Adipose tissue?
A type of loose connective tissue (A.K.A fat)
What does Adipose tissue do and where is it found?
largely found in the subcutaneous body regions as well as bone and around the kidneys.
It provides support, cushions, insulates, and stores food
What are the two things Fibrous Tissue makes up?
Tendons and Ligaments
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
A tendon attaches muscle to bone while a ligament attaches bone to bone.
What types of tissue takes a long time to heal due to it’s poor blood supply?
Fibrous Connective Tissue and Cartilage
What are the three types of Cartilage? What are Cartilage’s functions?
Types: hyaline (most abundant form), elastic, and fibrous.
Cartilage provides firm but flexible support.
Where is cartilage found?
Found on the nose, ears, larynx, and ends of bones
What type of matrix does cartilage have?
A solid, flexible matrix
What is the function of Bone?
provides rigid support, protects, stores minerals, and contains marrow for hematopoiesis
What type of matrix does Bone have?
A solid, rigid matrix reinforced with minerals
What are the 5 main functions of blood and where is it found?
Found in blood vessels. Main Functions: 1. carry oxygen 2. fights infection 3. blood clotting 4. transportation 5. temperature regulation
What are the four main components of blood?
- Plasma: main liquid component
- Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
- Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Thrombocytes (Platelets)
What are muscles composed of? And what two proteins compose that?
Muscle Fibers.
Muscle fibers are composed of muscle fibers Actin and Myosin (these proteins form the functional muscle unit called a sarcomere)
Name 3 different types of muscle
- Skeletal Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
How are Skeletal Muscles characterized?
by the striated appearance (alternating light and dark bands that cross the cell). They are also composed of myofibers
What are the 4 functions of skeletal muscles?
attach to bone, move body limbs, provide
skeletal movement and are under voluntary control
Where is smooth muscle found? What is it’s purpose?
In walls of internal organs.
Smooth muscle moves substances within the body.
What characterizes Smooth Muscle?
It is spindle shaped and we have involuntary control of it
Where is Cardiac Muscle found? What is its function and how is it characterized?
Cardiac Muscle (Myocardium) is found only in the heart wall and propels blood.
Characterization:
Striated and branched
Involuntary control
What is nervous tissue made up of? What do these things do?
Neurons. They send and receive nerve impulses that maintain homeostasis and communicate with the outside world.
What are the major parts of a neuron
dendrites (move signals towards cell body)
cell body
axon (move signals away from cell body)
