Unit 2 - Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins composed of?

Answer 1

C,H,O,N, a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a remainder (R-group)

Question 2

Draw a polypeptide

Answer 2

Question 3

Give 7 types of proteins

Answer 3

1. Structural (tendons, cartilage, hair, nails) 2. Contractile (muscles) 3. Transport (hemoglobin) 4. Storage (milk) 5. Hormonal (insulin, growth hormones) 6. Protection (immune response) 7. Enzyme (catalyst for reactions in cells)

Question 4

Give two examples of amino acids and draw them

Answer 4

Glycine + Alanine

Question 5

What gives an amino acid its distinctive properties?

Answer 5

The R-group

Question 6

What smaller units are proteins composed of? (not on an atomic level)

Answer 6

Amino Acids!

Question 7

How many types of Amino Acids are there?

Answer 7

20

Question 8

How long is the average protein?

Answer 8

Around 200 amino acids long

Question 9

A peptide bond is formed between what 2 parts of an amino acid?

Answer 9

the carboxyl (-COOH) and the amine (-NH2)

Question 10

Whats another name for a peptide bond?

Answer 10

Amide bond

Question 11

Which 2 of the 9 essential amino acids not synthesized by the body are missing in grains and vegetables?

Answer 11

Lysine + Trytophan

Question 12

Does the shape of the protein effect its function?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

Answer 13

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary. ADD PIC

Question 14

Primary Structure (proteins)

Answer 14

Linear sequence of Amino Acids

Question 15

Secondary Structure

Answer 15

Alpha helix shape (spirals) formed by hydrogen bonding along the protein

Question 16

Tertiary Structure

Answer 16

The folding of the secondary structure onto itself forming GLOBULAR PROTEIN. This is the FUNCTIONAL SHAPE of a protein

Question 17

Quaternary Structure

Answer 17

Two or more globular proteins joined together (i.e Hemoglobin)

Question 18

What can cause an enzyme to lose its normal function?

Answer 18

High temperature, changes in pH, and exposure to heavy metals and radiation.

Question 19

What is Denaturation?

Answer 19

When an enzyme loses its normal function (milk curdles when an acid is added, eggs solidify when heated)

Question 20

Whats an enzyme?

Answer 20

A catalyst that speeds up/initiates chemical reactions in our cells. Without enzymes these reactions would happen either way too slowly or not at all.