Unit 2 - Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins composed of?
C,H,O,N, a carboxyl group, an amine group, and a remainder (R-group)
Draw a polypeptide
Give 7 types of proteins
- Structural (tendons, cartilage, hair, nails) 2. Contractile (muscles) 3. Transport (hemoglobin) 4. Storage (milk) 5. Hormonal (insulin, growth hormones) 6. Protection (immune response) 7. Enzyme (catalyst for reactions in cells)
Give two examples of amino acids and draw them
Glycine + Alanine
What gives an amino acid its distinctive properties?
The R-group
What smaller units are proteins composed of? (not on an atomic level)
Amino Acids!
How many types of Amino Acids are there?
20
How long is the average protein?
Around 200 amino acids long
A peptide bond is formed between what 2 parts of an amino acid?
the carboxyl (-COOH) and the amine (-NH2)
Whats another name for a peptide bond?
Amide bond
Which 2 of the 9 essential amino acids not synthesized by the body are missing in grains and vegetables?
Lysine + Trytophan
Does the shape of the protein effect its function?
Yes
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary. ADD PIC
Primary Structure (proteins)
Linear sequence of Amino Acids
Secondary Structure
Alpha helix shape (spirals) formed by hydrogen bonding along the protein
Tertiary Structure
The folding of the secondary structure onto itself forming GLOBULAR PROTEIN. This is the FUNCTIONAL SHAPE of a protein
Quaternary Structure
Two or more globular proteins joined together (i.e Hemoglobin)
What can cause an enzyme to lose its normal function?
High temperature, changes in pH, and exposure to heavy metals and radiation.
What is Denaturation?
When an enzyme loses its normal function (milk curdles when an acid is added, eggs solidify when heated)
Whats an enzyme?
A catalyst that speeds up/initiates chemical reactions in our cells. Without enzymes these reactions would happen either way too slowly or not at all.
