Unit 2 - Carbs and Lipids

Question 1

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (ratio of (CH2O)n ) and also contain hydroxyl groups

Question 2

What are the 3 functions of Carbohydrates?

Answer 2

1. Primary source of energy (ex. glucose) 2. Major structural component of plant cells (ex. cellulose) 3. Important components of larger molecules (deoxyribose in DNA)

Question 3

What are the three classification groups of carbs?

Answer 3

1. Monosaccharides (one sugar group) 2. Disaccharides (two sugar groups) 3. Polysaccharides (more than two sugar groups)

Question 4

What is the major source of energy in cells? Draw it.

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

Name 5 common monosaccharides

Answer 5

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Deoxyribose.

Question 6

Draw Ribose and Deoxyribose

Answer 6

Question 7

Draw Fructose

Answer 7

Question 8

Draw Galactose

Answer 8

Question 9

This group of carbs serve as building blocks for much larger carbohydrates.

Answer 9

Monosaccharides

Question 10

Give an example of a disaccharide. Draw it.

Answer 10

Sucrose

Question 11

Name four types of polysaccharides

Answer 11

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, and Chitin.

Question 12

Tell me about Starch

Answer 12

Polysaccharide composed of hundreds of thousands of glucose molecules. Made in plants to store energy for future use. Easily hydrolyzed into individual glucoses

Question 13

Tell me about Cellulose

Answer 13

Polysaccharide that forms cell walls in plants. Also called fiber, indigestible by humans so its an important part of the human died (keeps bowels going strong).

Question 14

Tell me about Glycogen

Answer 14

Polysaccharide made in animal cells for short-term energy storage. Found/stored in liver and muscles.

Question 15

Tell me about Chitin

Answer 15

Specialized polysaccharide that has nitrogen attached to it. Forms exoskeleton of arthropods and cell wall of fungi.

Question 16

Characteristics of Lipids

Answer 16

Nonpolar, don’t dissolve in water, contain large chains of C and H only, contain carboxyl group.

Question 17

Name the 3 groups of lipids.

Answer 17

1. Oils, Fats, and Waxes (contain only C,H,O) 2. Phospholipids (similar to oils but contain P + N) 3. Steroids (fused ring structures)

Question 18

What are the 6 functions of lipids?

Answer 18

1. Long term storage of energy in animals (cell wall converts left-over carbs to lipids for later use) 2. Key component in cell membranes 3. Cushion for delicate organs 4. Carriers for vitamins A,D,E,K 5. Serve as raw materials for productions of hormones 6. Insulate against the cold

Question 19

What are key components of lipids?

Answer 19

Fatty Acids!

Question 20

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 20

Saturated: solid at room temp, only single bonds in carbon chain Unsaturated: liquid at room temp, carbon chain has double bonds

Question 21

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 21

A neutral fat formed by the union of 3 fatty acids and an alcohol called Glycerol. Carbohydrates are converted into triglycerides until the energy is needed.

Question 22

Triglycerides made of saturated fatty acids and made in animals

Answer 22

Fats!

Question 23

Triglycerides made of unsaturated fatty acids and made in plants

Answer 23

Oils!

Question 24

Characteristics of Waxes

Answer 24

Composed of very long chains of fatty acids. Highly saturated (solid at room temp). Serve as waterproof coating for plant leaves, animal fur, and feathers.

Question 25

Phospholipids are a major component of what?

Answer 25

Cell membranes

Question 26

Label this phospholipid

Answer 26

x

Question 27

Characteristics of Steroids

Answer 27

Composed of 4 rings of Carbon attached to various functional groups. Serve as building blocks for hormones. (ex.cholesterol, testosterone)

Question 28

What is Soap? Give its characteristics.

Answer 28

A man-made compound formed from the reaction of a fatty-acid with a base. Has a polar head and non-polar tail. When mixed with water, soap molecules will form micelles

Question 29

What is Emulsification?

Answer 29

When lipids dissolve in the middle of a micelle, allowing them to dissolve in water