Unit 2 - Carbs and Lipids Flashcards
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (ratio of (CH2O)n ) and also contain hydroxyl groups
What are the 3 functions of Carbohydrates?
- Primary source of energy (ex. glucose) 2. Major structural component of plant cells (ex. cellulose) 3. Important components of larger molecules (deoxyribose in DNA)
What are the three classification groups of carbs?
- Monosaccharides (one sugar group) 2. Disaccharides (two sugar groups) 3. Polysaccharides (more than two sugar groups)
What is the major source of energy in cells? Draw it.
Glucose
Name 5 common monosaccharides
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Deoxyribose.
Draw Ribose and Deoxyribose
Draw Fructose
Draw Galactose
This group of carbs serve as building blocks for much larger carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides
Give an example of a disaccharide. Draw it.
Sucrose
Name four types of polysaccharides
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, and Chitin.
Tell me about Starch
Polysaccharide composed of hundreds of thousands of glucose molecules. Made in plants to store energy for future use. Easily hydrolyzed into individual glucoses
Tell me about Cellulose
Polysaccharide that forms cell walls in plants. Also called fiber, indigestible by humans so its an important part of the human died (keeps bowels going strong).
Tell me about Glycogen
Polysaccharide made in animal cells for short-term energy storage. Found/stored in liver and muscles.
Tell me about Chitin
Specialized polysaccharide that has nitrogen attached to it. Forms exoskeleton of arthropods and cell wall of fungi.
Characteristics of Lipids
Nonpolar, don’t dissolve in water, contain large chains of C and H only, contain carboxyl group.
Name the 3 groups of lipids.
- Oils, Fats, and Waxes (contain only C,H,O) 2. Phospholipids (similar to oils but contain P + N) 3. Steroids (fused ring structures)
What are the 6 functions of lipids?
- Long term storage of energy in animals (cell wall converts left-over carbs to lipids for later use) 2. Key component in cell membranes 3. Cushion for delicate organs 4. Carriers for vitamins A,D,E,K 5. Serve as raw materials for productions of hormones 6. Insulate against the cold
What are key components of lipids?
Fatty Acids!
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated: solid at room temp, only single bonds in carbon chain Unsaturated: liquid at room temp, carbon chain has double bonds
What is a triglyceride?
A neutral fat formed by the union of 3 fatty acids and an alcohol called Glycerol. Carbohydrates are converted into triglycerides until the energy is needed.
Triglycerides made of saturated fatty acids and made in animals
Fats!
Triglycerides made of unsaturated fatty acids and made in plants
Oils!
Characteristics of Waxes
Composed of very long chains of fatty acids. Highly saturated (solid at room temp). Serve as waterproof coating for plant leaves, animal fur, and feathers.
Phospholipids are a major component of what?
Cell membranes
Label this phospholipid
x
Characteristics of Steroids
Composed of 4 rings of Carbon attached to various functional groups. Serve as building blocks for hormones. (ex.cholesterol, testosterone)
What is Soap? Give its characteristics.
A man-made compound formed from the reaction of a fatty-acid with a base. Has a polar head and non-polar tail. When mixed with water, soap molecules will form micelles
What is Emulsification?
When lipids dissolve in the middle of a micelle, allowing them to dissolve in water
