Unit 6 Review Flashcards
Which system includes skin, hair and nails?
integumentary
What are the functions of the muscular system?
movement of skeleton, blood and food in the digestive system
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
transport molecules (oxygen, hormones, nutrients) throughout the body, remove waste, regulate temperature
Which system is primarily responsible for the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen?
respiratory
What are the organs of the excretory system?
kidney, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters, skin and lungs
What are the functions of the lymphatic and immune systems?
protection from disease, return lost fluid to the circulatory system
How is it possible for an organ to belong to more than one system?
An organ can have more than one function Ex. Lungs take in oxygen (respiratory) and remove carbon dioxide (excretory)
What is the body’s most important nonspecific defense?
skin
Which two body systems are responsible for regulation of body functions?
endocrine and nervous
What is the term for the ability to maintain stable internal conditions independent of the conditions that exist in the environment?
homeostasis
How does your integumentary system maintain homeostasis in hot and cold temperatures?
hot–sweat, blood vessels dilate cold–“goosebumps,” shiver, blood vessels contract
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
structural support, protection, movement, store minerals, make blood cells
What are the 3 types of muscle?
smooth, skeletal, and cardiac (heart)
Name 4 organs of the skeletal system.
bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
What are the 2 functions of the excretory system?
remove waste products and maintain homeostasis
How are the lytic and lysogenic cycles different?
lytic cycle bursts the host cell right away, but the lysogenic cycle becomes part of the host cell DNA and can remain dormant for years
What are 3 roles of bacteria in the environment?
nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, nutrient recycling
List 3 reasons viruses are not considered to be alive.
cannot metabolize their own energy, can only reproduce inside a host cell, and are not made of cells
List and describe the steps of the lytic cycle.
attachment–virus attaches to host cell membrane entry–virus injects nucleic acid into host cell replication and assembly–host cell makes virus particles release–host cell bursts and releases virus particles
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
bacteriophage
This is a simple form of sexual reproduction in bacteria.
conjugation
What do living cells and viruses both contain?
nucleic acids
What is the purpose of an endospore?
protects the bacterium in an unfavorable environment
What are the 2 parts of a virus?
capsid (protein coat) and DNA/RNA (nucleic acid)
What is the term for asexual reproduction in bacteria?
binary fission
Name 3 ways bacteria can be classified.
shape, movement, how they obtain energy
What is this bacterial shape?
coccus
What is this bacterial shape?
bacillus
What is this bacterial shape?
spirillum
How are eubacteria and archaebacteria alike?
unicellular, prokaryotic, have cell walls
How are eubacteria and archaebacteria different?
cell wall composition and location (archaebacteria live in extreme environments)
What does a virus need in order to reproduce?
host cell
Describe virus size in general and in relation to other viruses.
They are all tiny in general, but compared to each other, they vary greatly in size and structure.
What does it mean when we say a virus is host specific?
they are only able to infect certain cells because the capsid must fit the host cell
What type of disease can be treated with antibiotics?
bacterial
What happens in your bloodstream when you are given a vaccination?
You develop the ability to form antibodies to that specific disease.
What is the effect of refrigeration on bacteria?
slows reproduction
Which cells are targeted by HIV?
helper T cells
What is the best defense against pathogens in your food?
cooking
What is the benefit of having memory B cells against a certain pathogen?
You are less likely to have the disease again.
