Unit 5A Review

Question 1

growth in a new area; ex. on a newly formed volcanic island

Answer 1

primary succession

Question 2

branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and the environment

Answer 2

ecology

Question 3

all species in a given area; ex. all organisms in Flower Mound

Answer 3

community

Question 4

process in which bacteria convert nitrogen into a form plants can use

Answer 4

nitrogen fixation

Question 5

consists of all ecosystems of one type; ex. tropical rainforest

Answer 5

biome

Question 6

term that means nonliving

Answer 6

abiotic

Question 7

organism that eats consumers

Answer 7

carnivore

Question 8

limiting factor whose effect is the same regardless of population size

Answer 8

density independent

Question 9

examples of density independent limiting factors

Answer 9

earthquake, drought, severe frost, fire

Question 10

symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, but the other is harmed

Answer 10

parasitism

Question 11

the original source of energy in most ecosystems

Answer 11

sunlight

Question 12

rapid increase in population numbers due to unlimited resources

Answer 12

exponential growth

Question 13

symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit

Answer 13

mutualism

Question 14

term that means living

Answer 14

biotic

Question 15

combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist

Answer 15

biosphere

Question 16

organism that eats producers

Answer 16

herbivore

Question 17

symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, and the other is unaffected

Answer 17

commensalism

Question 18

limiting factor whose effect increases with population size

Answer 18

density dependent

Question 19

examples of density dependent limiting factors

Answer 19

disease, parasitism, emigration, competition

Question 20

“job” of an organism in the environment

Answer 20

niche

Question 21

organism that eats both producers and consumers

Answer 21

omnivore

Question 22

each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web

Answer 22

trophic level

Question 23

growth in an area has been disrupted and begins again; ex. on an abandoned field

Answer 23

secondary succession

Question 24

What happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level?

Answer 24

released as heat

Question 25

How do prey population numbers affect predator population numbers?

Answer 25

They are dependent on one another. If prey numbers go up, predator numbers go up. If predator numbers go up, prey numbers go down.

Question 26

leveling off of population numbers due to limited resources

Answer 26

logistic growth

Question 27

an organism that can make its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Answer 27

autotroph

Question 28

the day to day conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area

Answer 28

weather

Question 29

movement of organisms into a population/area

Answer 29

immigration

Question 30

one species in a given area; ex. all squirrels in Flower Mound

Answer 30

population

Question 31

an organism that obtains nutrients by breaking down dead organisms

Answer 31

decomposer; ex. fungi and bacteria

Question 32

average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area

Answer 32

climate

Question 33

What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

Answer 33

10%

Question 34

an organism that cannot make it own food and must eat other organisms for food

Answer 34

heterotroph

Question 35

What do the arrows in a food web or food chain indicate?

Answer 35

the direction of energy flow; prey–>predator

Question 36

Where is most energy and matter located in an ecological pyramid?

Answer 36

at the bottom

Question 37

a pyramid that shows the amount of living tissue at each level

Answer 37

biomass pyramid

Question 38

relationship in which one species captures and feeds on the other

Answer 38

predation

Question 39

movement of organisms out of a population/area

Answer 39

emigration

Question 40

pyramid that shows the number of organisms at each level

Answer 40

pyramid of numbers

Question 41

What happens to a population that exceeds its carrying capacity?

Answer 41

population numbers drop due to lack of resources

Question 42

relationship in which two species fight over the same resource

Answer 42

competition

Question 43

pyramid that shows the amount of energy at each level

Answer 43

energy pyramid

Question 44

Compare the movement of energy to the movement of nutrients in an ecosystem.

Answer 44

Energy moves in only one direction, but nutrients recycle.

Question 45

Name 2 factors that would increase population numbers.

Answer 45

increasing birth rate and decreasing death rate

Question 46

Name 2 factors that would decrease population numbers.

Answer 46

decreasing birth rate and increasing death rate

Question 47

How does the amount of DDT change as it moves along a food chain?

Answer 47

increases at each level (biomagnification)

Question 48

How does the amount of energy change as it moves along a food chain?

Answer 48

decreases at each level (only 10% is passed from level to level)

Question 49

Identify the trophic levels of each organism in this food chain.

Answer 49

Leaf–producer, Caterpillar–primary consumer(herbivore,) Chameleon–secondary consumer, Snake–tertiary consumer, Mongoose–quaternary consumer

Question 50

The grass has 100% energy. Following the 10% rule, what energy percentages will the remaining organisms have?

Answer 50

Grass–100%, Grasshopper–10%, Mouse–1%, Owl–0.1%

Each organism gets 10% of the energy from the previous organism.