Unit 2 Review

Question 1

Three parts of a DNA nucleotide

Answer 1

nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate group

Question 2

This happens to a cell’s DNA as the cell grows

Answer 2

overload

Question 3

Two gene mutations that can cause a frameshift

Answer 3

deletion and insertion

Question 4

The base pair rule in DNA

Answer 4

A matches with T, G matches with C

Question 5

Phases of mitosis in order

Answer 5

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 6

Three types of RNA

Answer 6

ribosomal, transfer, messenger

Question 7

Phase when DNA replication occurs

Answer 7

S phase

Question 8

Three parts of interphase and what happens in each

Answer 8

G1–cell growth, S–DNA synthesis, G2–preparation for mitosis

Question 9

Three differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 9

DNA cannot leave nucleus, RNA can
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 10

What happens in prophase

Answer 10

Nucleus disappears and chromatin coils into chromosomes

Question 11

How the base pair rule changes when synthesizing RNA

Answer 11

thymine is replaced by uracil

Question 12

The role of spindle in mitosis

Answer 12

helps separate the chromosomes

Question 13

Cells stop dividing when they touch other cells

Answer 13

contact inhibition

Question 14

Part of DNA that holds the genetic code

Answer 14

sequence of nitrogen bases

Question 15

What happens in metaphase

Answer 15

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

Question 16

Three phases of interphase in order

Answer 16

G1, S, G2

Question 17

Process where DNA copies itself

Answer 17

replication

Question 18

Division of the cytoplasm

Answer 18

cytokinesis

Question 19

Division of the nucleus

Answer 19

mitosis

Question 20

What happens in anaphase

Answer 20

centromeres split, chromosomes move to opposite poles

Question 21

Two main stages of cell division

Answer 21

cytokinesis and mitosis

Question 22

DNA tells the cell how to make this

Answer 22

protein

Question 23

What happens in telophase

Answer 23

chromosomes reach poles, nuclei reappear

Question 24

Phase when chromosomes are visible

Answer 24

M phase

Question 25

Ultimate source of genetic variability

Answer 25

mutation

Question 26

Effects of frameshift on protein

Answer 26

changes sequence of amino acids

Question 27

Mutation when one nitrogen base is removed

Answer 27

deletion

Question 28

Mutation when one nitrogen base is added

Answer 28

insertion

Question 29

Mutation when one nitrogen base is replaced

Answer 29

substitution

Question 30

Carries DNA code to the ribosome

Answer 30

messenger RNA

Question 31

Makes up part of the ribosome

Answer 31

ribosomal RNA

Question 32

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Answer 32

transfer RNA

Question 33

DNA part that separates in replication

Answer 33

nitrogen base pairs

Question 34

Process where DNA is copied into mRNA

Answer 34

transcription

Question 35

Process where cell uses mRNA to make protein

Answer 35

translation

Question 36

Number of bases in a codon

Answer 36

three

Question 37

Number of bases in an anticodon

Answer 37

three

Question 38

Produced by transciption

Answer 38

(messenger) RNA molecules

Question 39

Produced by translation

Answer 39

protein

Question 40

Produced by replication

Answer 40

DNA molecules

Question 41

Shape of tRNA

Answer 41

upside down “t” or clover

Question 42

Replicate this DNA strand: ATGTAGC

Answer 42

TACATCG

Question 43

Transcribe this DNA strand: GCATTAC

Answer 43

CGUAAUG

Question 44

During interphase, DNA is called

Answer 44

chromatin

Question 45

Sister chromatids are held together by this

Answer 45

centromere

Question 46

Pairs with adenine in DNA

Answer 46

thymine

Question 47

Pairs with adenine in RNA

Answer 47

uracil

Question 48

Shape of DNA

Answer 48

double helix

Question 49

Transcribe this DNA strand: TACGATA

Answer 49

AUGCUAU

Question 50

UCGCAGA came from this DNA strand

Answer 50

AGCGTCT