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Wind Biology > Unit 2 Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three parts of a DNA nucleotide

A

nitrogen base, deoxyribose, phosphate group

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2
Q

This happens to a cell’s DNA as the cell grows

A

overload

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3
Q

Two gene mutations that can cause a frameshift

A

deletion and insertion

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4
Q

The base pair rule in DNA

A

A matches with T, G matches with C

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5
Q

Phases of mitosis in order

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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6
Q

Three types of RNA

A

ribosomal, transfer, messenger

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7
Q

Phase when DNA replication occurs

A

S phase

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8
Q

Three parts of interphase and what happens in each

A

G1–cell growth, S–DNA synthesis, G2–preparation for mitosis

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9
Q

Three differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA cannot leave nucleus, RNA can
DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded
DNA contains thymine, RNA contains uracil
DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

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10
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Nucleus disappears and chromatin coils into chromosomes

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11
Q

How the base pair rule changes when synthesizing RNA

A

thymine is replaced by uracil

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12
Q

The role of spindle in mitosis

A

helps separate the chromosomes

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13
Q

Cells stop dividing when they touch other cells

A

contact inhibition

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14
Q

Part of DNA that holds the genetic code

A

sequence of nitrogen bases

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15
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

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16
Q

Three phases of interphase in order

A

G1, S, G2

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17
Q

Process where DNA copies itself

A

replication

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18
Q

Division of the cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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19
Q

Division of the nucleus

A

mitosis

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20
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

centromeres split, chromosomes move to opposite poles

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21
Q

Two main stages of cell division

A

cytokinesis and mitosis

22
Q

DNA tells the cell how to make this

A

protein

23
Q

What happens in telophase

A

chromosomes reach poles, nuclei reappear

24
Q

Phase when chromosomes are visible

A

M phase

25
Q

Ultimate source of genetic variability

A

mutation

26
Q

Effects of frameshift on protein

A

changes sequence of amino acids

27
Q

Mutation when one nitrogen base is removed

A

deletion

28
Q

Mutation when one nitrogen base is added

A

insertion

29
Q

Mutation when one nitrogen base is replaced

A

substitution

30
Q

Carries DNA code to the ribosome

A

messenger RNA

31
Q

Makes up part of the ribosome

A

ribosomal RNA

32
Q

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

A

transfer RNA

33
Q

DNA part that separates in replication

A

nitrogen base pairs

34
Q

Process where DNA is copied into mRNA

A

transcription

35
Q

Process where cell uses mRNA to make protein

A

translation

36
Q

Number of bases in a codon

A

three

37
Q

Number of bases in an anticodon

A

three

38
Q

Produced by transciption

A

(messenger) RNA molecules

39
Q

Produced by translation

A

protein

40
Q

Produced by replication

A

DNA molecules

41
Q

Shape of tRNA

A

upside down “t” or clover

42
Q

Replicate this DNA strand: ATGTAGC

A

TACATCG

43
Q

Transcribe this DNA strand: GCATTAC

A

CGUAAUG

44
Q

During interphase, DNA is called

A

chromatin

45
Q

Sister chromatids are held together by this

A

centromere

46
Q

Pairs with adenine in DNA

A

thymine

47
Q

Pairs with adenine in RNA

A

uracil

48
Q

Shape of DNA

A

double helix

49
Q

Transcribe this DNA strand: TACGATA

A

AUGCUAU

50
Q

UCGCAGA came from this DNA strand

A

AGCGTCT

Wind Biology (10 decks)

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