Unit 3 Review Flashcards
Number and type of cells formed by meiosis
4 different
Number and type of cells formed by mitosis
2 identical
Process where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
crossing over
Ultimate source of genetic variability
mutation
Component of DNA that provides the instructions for the production of a protein
sequence of nitrogen bases
Sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
Sugar in RNA
ribose
Shape of DNA
double helix
Bases in DNA
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
Bases in RNA
adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
Location of DNA in eukaryotic cell
nucleus
Why RNA is needed
DNA cannot leave the nucleus
Produced during transcription
RNA molecules
Produced during translation
protein
Genes contain instructions for assembling these
proteins
Body cell has 34 chromosomes so gamete has
17
Haploid number is 10 so diploid is
20
Egg has 15 chromosomes so sperm has
15
Mutation where a single base is substituted
point mutation
One amino acid may be changed
Mutation where a base is added or deleted
frameshift mutation
All amino acids after mutation are changed
Number of bases changed in Sickle Cell Anemia
1
Sex chromosomes of a normal male
XY
Sex chromosomes of a normal female
XX
Everyone’s DNA is unique except for
identical twins
Number of chromosomes in a human body cell
46
Number of chromosomes in a human gamete
23
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
nondisjunction
Results in extra or missing chromosomes
Sex of a person who is XXY
male
Type of inheritance for colorblindness
sex-linked
Type of inheritance for sickle cell anemia
codominant
Type of inheritance for PKU
recessive
Type of inheritance for Tay-Sachs
recessive
Type of inheritance for hemophilia
sex-linked
Type of inheritance for Huntington’s Disease
dominant
Two identical alleles for a trait Ex. TT
homozygous
Two different alleles for a trait Ex. Tt
heterozygous
Another term for heterozygous
hybrid
Another term for homozygous
purebred or true-breeding
Process likely responsible for bringing together recessive alleles for a genetic defect
inbreeding
Possible gametes for a parent who is BBAa
BA and Ba
Situation in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene
incomplete dominance
Both alleles are expressed equally
codominance
Trait is controlled by more than one gene
polygenic
A gene with more than two possible alleles
multiple alleles
Red and furry are dominant. What is the genotype for white and heterozygous furry?
rrFf
Use for gel electrophoresis
separating DNA fragments
Benefit of being heterozygous for sickle cell
resistance to malaria
In order for mutations to be passed down, they must affect the DNA of the parent’s
gametes
A person with the sex chromosomes XO is
female (with Turner’s syndrome)
A person with the sex chromosomes XXY is
male (with Klinefelter’s syndrome)
