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Wind Biology > Unit 3 Review > Flashcards

Unit 3 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Number and type of cells formed by meiosis

A

4 different

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2
Q

Number and type of cells formed by mitosis

A

2 identical

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3
Q

Process where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids

A

crossing over

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4
Q

Ultimate source of genetic variability

A

mutation

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5
Q

Component of DNA that provides the instructions for the production of a protein

A

sequence of nitrogen bases

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6
Q

Sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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7
Q

Sugar in RNA

A

ribose

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8
Q

Shape of DNA

A

double helix

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9
Q

Bases in DNA

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

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10
Q

Bases in RNA

A

adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

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11
Q

Location of DNA in eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus

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12
Q

Why RNA is needed

A

DNA cannot leave the nucleus

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13
Q

Produced during transcription

A

RNA molecules

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14
Q

Produced during translation

A

protein

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15
Q

Genes contain instructions for assembling these

A

proteins

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16
Q

Body cell has 34 chromosomes so gamete has

A

17

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17
Q

Haploid number is 10 so diploid is

A

20

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18
Q

Egg has 15 chromosomes so sperm has

A

15

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19
Q

Mutation where a single base is substituted

A

point mutation

One amino acid may be changed

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20
Q

Mutation where a base is added or deleted

A

frameshift mutation

All amino acids after mutation are changed

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21
Q

Number of bases changed in Sickle Cell Anemia

A

1

22
Q

Sex chromosomes of a normal male

A

XY

23
Q

Sex chromosomes of a normal female

A

XX

24
Q

Everyone’s DNA is unique except for

A

identical twins

25
Q

Number of chromosomes in a human body cell

A

46

26
Q

Number of chromosomes in a human gamete

A

23

27
Q

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

A

nondisjunction

Results in extra or missing chromosomes

28
Q

Sex of a person who is XXY

A

male

29
Q

Type of inheritance for colorblindness

A

sex-linked

30
Q

Type of inheritance for sickle cell anemia

A

codominant

31
Q

Type of inheritance for PKU

A

recessive

32
Q

Type of inheritance for Tay-Sachs

A

recessive

33
Q

Type of inheritance for hemophilia

A

sex-linked

34
Q

Type of inheritance for Huntington’s Disease

A

dominant

35
Q

Two identical alleles for a trait Ex. TT

A

homozygous

36
Q

Two different alleles for a trait Ex. Tt

A

heterozygous

37
Q

Another term for heterozygous

A

hybrid

38
Q

Another term for homozygous

A

purebred or true-breeding

39
Q

Process likely responsible for bringing together recessive alleles for a genetic defect

A

inbreeding

40
Q

Possible gametes for a parent who is BBAa

A

BA and Ba

41
Q

Situation in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene

A

incomplete dominance

42
Q

Both alleles are expressed equally

A

codominance

43
Q

Trait is controlled by more than one gene

A

polygenic

44
Q

A gene with more than two possible alleles

A

multiple alleles

45
Q

Red and furry are dominant. What is the genotype for white and heterozygous furry?

A

rrFf

46
Q

Use for gel electrophoresis

A

separating DNA fragments

47
Q

Benefit of being heterozygous for sickle cell

A

resistance to malaria

48
Q

In order for mutations to be passed down, they must affect the DNA of the parent’s

A

gametes

49
Q

A person with the sex chromosomes XO is

A

female (with Turner’s syndrome)

50
Q

A person with the sex chromosomes XXY is

A

male (with Klinefelter’s syndrome)

Wind Biology (10 decks)

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