Unit 4 Review Flashcards
The name of Darwin’s work
On the Origin of Species
Lamarck’s theory of evolution
Organisms evolve based on the use and disuse of organs. They are able to pass acquired traits to their offspring.
Structures with different functions but common origins
anatomical homology Ex. whale flipper and bat wing
Structure that may have been used by an ancestor but no longer has a function
vestigial structure Ex. whale pelvis, human appendix
When the average form of a trait has the highest fitness
stabilizing selection
Consists of all the genes including all different alleles in a population
gene pool
What determines if a new mutation becomes common or disappears?
whether or not the mutation increases the organism’s fitness in the environment
The name of the super continent
Pangaea
Kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular, mobile and heterotrophic
animalia
What distinguishes a protist from a bacterium?
Protists have nuclei.
Levels of classification from most general to most specific
(domain) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Drastic changes create new species followed by little change
punctuated equilibrium
When one end of the bell curve (one extreme) has the highest fitness
directional selection
Causes random change in allele frequencies
genetic drift
Populations are separated by time of breeding/pollination
temporal isolation
Evolutionary innovations that separate groups in a cladogram
derived characters
Species are created at a constant rate
gradualism
Kingdom of eukaryotic, multicellular, nonmobile and autotrophic organisms
plantae
Which taxon contains organisms that are the most closely related?
species
Kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms with peptodoglycan in their cell walls
eubacteria
When both ends of the bell curve have high fitness
diversifying selection
Another name for survival of the fittest
natural selection
Populations are separated by different behaviors or mating rituals
behavioral isolation
Requirement for the formation of a new species
reproductive isolation
Natural selection works on _____.
populations
Populations are separated by physical barriers such as a mountain or river
geographic isolation
Formation of a new species
speciation
Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms
cladogram
Kingdom of eukaryotic nonmobile heterotrophs
fungi
Kingdom of prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
archaebacteria
Kingdom that would contain a unicellular eukaryote
protista
Which rock layer is on the top of a formation? Oldest or youngest?
youngest
One species becomes many species
adaptive radiation Ex. Darwin’s finches
Classification of organisms
taxonomy
Anatomical, molecular and developmental homologies all point to a _____.
common ancestor
What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?
directional selection
What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?
stabilizing selection
What type of selection is demonstrated in this graph?
diversifying selection
Which two kingdoms contain only heterotrophs?
animalia and fungi
Which two kingdoms have organisms that lack a nucleus?
eubacteria and archarbacteria
