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Wind Biology > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Makes protein

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2
Q

What is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions fairly constant?

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote.

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

What does the work of scientists usually begin with?

A

Careful observations

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5
Q

Which macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things?

A

Carbohydrate

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6
Q

List the levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere.

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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7
Q

What is the term for energy needed to get a reaction started?

A

Activation energy

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8
Q

What is the term for information gathered from an experiment?

A

Data

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9
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Helps a cell keep its shape

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10
Q

Name 3 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

A

Water, light intensity and temperature

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11
Q

Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?

A

Thylakoid membranes

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12
Q

Describe the structures that make up the cell membrane.

A

Phospholipid bilayer with protein channels and pumps

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13
Q

What is the term for an organism that can make its own food?

A

Autotroph

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14
Q

What gas is given off by plants during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

The purpose of cellular respiration is to release _____.

A

Energy

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16
Q

Which types of cells have cell walls?

A

Plants, fungi, bacteria

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17
Q

What type of fermentation takes place in muscle cells?

A

Lactic acid

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18
Q

How is cell division different in plant and animal cells?

A

Plants cells form a cell plate

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19
Q

What is meant by P, F1 and F2 in genetics?

A

Parents, children, grandchildren

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20
Q

What are the results when you cross a purebred tall plant with a short plant?

A

All heterozygous tall (Tt) plants

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21
Q

List the phases of the cell cycle and explain what happens in each.

A

Interphase–G1 (growth,) S (DNA replication,) G2 (preparation for mitosis) and M phase (cell division)

22
Q

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplast

23
Q

List the phases of mitosis in order.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

24
Q

What results when cells lose the ability to control their growth rate?

A

Cancer

25
Q

Which process produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

26
Q

Which molecule contains uracil and ribose?

A

RNA

27
Q

Where does transcription take place in a cell?

A

Nucleus

28
Q

What type of mutation occurs when a nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide?

A

Point mutation

29
Q

How many cells are produced by mitosis? meiosis?

A

Mitosis–2, Meiosis–4

30
Q

What is replication?

A

Process in which DNA is copied

31
Q

What is produced during transcription? translation?

A

Transcription–RNA molecules, translation–proteins

32
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

Trait is controlled by more than one gene, Ex. human skin color

33
Q

What is the term for making changes to the DNA code of a living organism?

A

Genetic engineering

34
Q

What abnormalities can be observed in a karyotype?

A

Extra or missing chromosomes

35
Q

What is nondisjunction?

A

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis

36
Q

Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called _____.

A

Sex-linked genes

37
Q

Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in _____ DNA base.

A

One

38
Q

How is Huntington’s disease inherited?

A

Dominant gene

39
Q

What is the term for an educated guess or suggestion for why something happens?

A

Hypothesis Ex. If I study for the midterm, my grade will be higher.

40
Q

In order for a hypothesis to be useful, it must be _____.

A

Testable

41
Q

Which organelles are found in plant cells by not in animal cells?

A

Cell wall and chloroplast

42
Q

Which organelle converts food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

A

Mitochondrion

43
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

Cell boundary, regulates what enters and leaves the cell

44
Q

Why do most plants appear green?

A

Chlorophyll reflects green light.

45
Q

List the 3 steps of cellular respiration in order.

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain

46
Q

Which side of a chemical equation has the reactants? the products?

A

Reactants–left, products–right

47
Q

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

A

A phosphate group is removed

48
Q

What problems does a cell encounter as it grows larger?

A

Moving materials in and out of the cell, DNA overload

49
Q

How does the chromosome number of a parent cell compare to daughter cells produced by mitosis?

A

Identical

50
Q

The type of amino acid added to the protein depends on the _____ of the mRNA and the _____ of the tRNA.

A

Codon, anticodon

Wind Biology (10 decks)

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