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ANAT + PHYS (9610) > UNIT 6: Pharynx + Glossopharyngeal CN > Flashcards

UNIT 6: Pharynx + Glossopharyngeal CN Flashcards

1
Q

the pharynx is a _______ tube, ____ cm long, and extends from _____ to ______

A

vertical musculo-membranous tube

12 cm long

extends from base of skull @ C6 posteriorly to cricoid cartilage anteriorly

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2
Q

pharynx is continuous with

A

nasal cavity anteriorly
oral cavity anteriorly
larynx anteriorly
esophagus inferiorly

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3
Q

musculo-membranous tube is composed of (4 parts - superficial to deep)

A

mucous membrane

fibrous coat - pharyngobasilar fascia

muscular coat

buccopharyngeal fascia

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4
Q

the muscular coat of the pharynx is… (2 parts)…. what do they do?

A

muscles that run horizontally, wrapping around from front to a midline raphe in the back

in swallowing these construct the pharynx, helping push the food thru its length; also participate in velopharyngeal closure (soft palate to PPW)

AND muscles that run inferiorly from the skull - shorten the length of the pharynx by pulling superiorly

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5
Q

3 functions of the pharynx

A

acts as a resonating chamber for speech; alters spectral characteristics of sound

contracts during swallowing, clearing the food bolus from the pharynx into the esophagus (provides common pathway for food intake and breathing)

forms the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

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6
Q

sensory innervation to the pharynx is provided by

A

CN IX and pharyngeal branch of CN X

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7
Q

pharynx can be divided into 3 parts

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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8
Q

what are the boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

superior = skull base (sphenoid)
inferior = level of palate
posterior = pharyngeal protuberance in basioccipital portion of occipital bone

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9
Q

_____ keeps the nasopharynx open, and runs from ….

A

pharyngobasilar fascia (fibrous coat) - runs from base of skull superiorly; inferiorly becomes thinner and disappears

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10
Q

the nasopharynx is lined with

A

ciliated epithelium which have cilia that beat in opp direct to the cilia in trachea

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11
Q

______ is the anterior boundary where nasopharynx communicates with nasal cavity

A

nasal choanae

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12
Q

the ____ has its opening into the lateral nasopharynx

A

eustachian tube

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13
Q

superior and posterior edges of ET opening are _____ and covered with ______, and form thickened elevations called the ____, which are formed by _____ and ______

A

cartilaginous
mucous mem
torsu tubaris
salpinogopharyngeal fold and salpingopalatine fold

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14
Q

pharyngeal tonsils are the _____, which is

A

adenoids
mass lymphoid tissue located on posterior-superior wall of nasopharynx

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15
Q

boundaries of the oropharynx

A

superior = level of the palate
inferior = level of hyoid bone

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16
Q

anterior boundary of oropharynx communicates with _____

A

oral cavity

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17
Q

passavant’s pad is

A

muscular bulge on posterior oropharyngeal wall; contributes to velopharyngeal closure

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18
Q

faucial pillars separate the ____ from the oropharynx, space bw them houses the _____

A

oral cavity
palatine tonsils

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19
Q

lingual tonsils are located

A

on base of tongue

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20
Q

boundaries of laryngopharynx

A

superior = level of hyoid bone (upper edge of epiglottis)
inferior = C6/level of cricoid (pharyngoesophageal junction)
anterior = epiglottis

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21
Q

laryngopahrynx communicates with ____and ____, and becomes thinner at ______ end

A

larynx and esophagus
inferior end

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22
Q

3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior, middle, inferior

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23
Q

describe the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

stacked like cups
surround the pharynx and contract during swallowing
each muscle has 2 halves
all are open anteriorly, except lower fibres of inferior constrictor m which form a complete ring

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24
Q

superior constrictor muscle: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = ptrygomandibular ligament, spehnoid, medial pterygoud plate, hamular process
I = posterior median pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle at base of skull
A = forms sides/back wall of nasopharynx and part of back wall of oropharynx - constricts pharynx (in swallowing and velopharyngeal closure)
Inn = pharyngeal branch of CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

25
Q

middle constrictor muscle: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = stylohyoid lig, hyoid bone
I = posterior median pharyngeal raphe
A = constricts pharynx
Inn = pharyngeal branch of CN x (pharyngeal plexus)

26
Q

2 parts of inferior constrictor muscle

A

thyropharyngeus

cricopharyngeus

27
Q

inferior constrictor muscle, thyropharyngeus: O, I, A, Inn

A

O= oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I = posterior median pharyngeal raphe
A = constricts pharynx
Inn = pharyngeal branch of X (pharyngeal plexus)

28
Q

inferior constrictor muscle, cricopharyngeus: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = cricoid cartilage
I = other side of cricoid cartilage
A= keeps esophagus closed at UES at rest
Inn = pharyngeal branch, eSLN and RLN of X

29
Q

3 muscles that elevate the pharynx during swallowing

A

salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus

30
Q

salpingopharyngeus: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = eustachian tube, posterior lip of torus tubaris (salpinogopharyngeal fold)
I = lateral wall of pharynx (w palatopharyngeus m)
A = elevates pharynx, shortens pharynx
Inn = Pharyngeal branch of CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

31
Q

palatopharyngeus m: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = palatine raphe (aponeurosis)
I = posterior border of thyroid cartilage, inferior portion of pharynx
A = lifts the pharynx and larynx, directs the bolus into pharynx during swallowing
Inn = pharyngeal branch of CN X (pharyngeal plexus)

32
Q

palatopharyngeus muscle forms

A

the palatopharyngeal arch

33
Q

stylopharyngeus: O, I, A, Inn

A

O = temporal bone, styloid process
I = (internal) lateral wall of pharynx, thyroid cartilage of larynx
A = elevates larynx and pharynx, shortens pharynx
Inn = CN XI

34
Q

3 tendons/ligaments of the pharynx

A

posterior median pharyngeal raphe

pterygomandibular ligament

stylohyoid ligament

35
Q

posterior median pharyngeal raphe

A

midline tendon of a pharyngeal aponeurosis

originates at occipital bone and descends along posterior wall of pharynx

site insertion for pharyngeal constrictor muscles

36
Q

pterygomandibular ligament

A

extends from hamular process of medial pterygoid plate (of sphenoid) to the mylohyoid line of mandible

37
Q

stylohyoid ligament

A

extends from styloid process to lesser cornu of hyoid bone

38
Q

5 fibre types in CN IX

A

SVE
GVE
GSA
GVA
SVA

39
Q

SVE of CN IX supply

A

the stylopharyngeus muscle (3rd branchial arch)

40
Q

GVE of CN IX supplies

A

secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland

41
Q

GSA of CN IX supplies

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue, faucial pillars, palatine tonsils, pharyngeal walls, skin of external ear, tympanic membrane (internal surface)

42
Q

GVA of CN IX supplies

A

baroreceptors (blood pressure) in the carotid sinus

43
Q

SVA of CN IX supplies

A

chemoreceptors (oxygenation) in carotid bodies
taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

44
Q

SVE of IX: Intracranial pathway

A

cell bodies of LMN in nucleus ambiguus (motor nucleus of IX and X) in medilla

axons exits skill via jugular foramen (along w X)

45
Q

SVE of IX: extracranial pathway

A

descends w/i neck deep to styloid process and then innervates stylopharyngeus

46
Q

GVE of IX: Intracranial pathway

A

Cell bodies in inferior salivatory nucleus of medulla

axons exit skull via jugular foramen w other fibres of IX

47
Q

GVE of IX: extracranial pathway

A

supplies secretomotor fibres to parotid gland

48
Q

GSA of IX are important for

A

gag reflex and swallowing

Xph and SLN of X also participate in triggering swallowing

49
Q

GSA of IX: pathway

A

cell bodies of 1st order sensory nerves are in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion

some nerves synapse in spinal tract nucleus (V), some synapse in the nucleus tractus solitarius

50
Q

______ and _______ are thought to be the most effective sites for triggering the pharyngeal stage of swallowing

A

anterior and posterior faucial arches

51
Q

posterior faucial arch, lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, receive inn from both ____ and ____ and are very densely innervated

A

IX and X

52
Q

GVA of IX: pathway

A

sensations are relayed from the carotid sinus, cell bodies in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion

synapse in the nucleus tractus solitariys

connections made w hypothalamus for control of respiration, blood pressure, and cardiac output

53
Q

SVA of IX: Pathway

A

cell bodies of 1st order neurons are in the inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion

enter medulla and synapse in nucleus tractus solitarius including the gustatory nucleus

54
Q

to test the integrity of IX and X, test the _____

A

gag reflex

55
Q

how to test the gag reflex of IX and X

A

mechanical stimulus to the 1/3 of the tongue, palate, palatal arch, posterior pharyngeal wall

see musculature contract when elicited

if no reaction question integrity

56
Q

to further test the integrity of X observe the

A

soft palate at rest and on phonation

If a X LMNL, on phonation, will see elevation on intact side of soft palate only, w the deviation of uvula toward the intact side

57
Q

the pharynx is a multi-purpose musculomembranous tube that ….

A

in speech acts as a resonating chamber

in swallowing transports the bolus from the oral cavity to the esophagus

58
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve holds great importance for respiration bc

A

it can override motor output based on oxygen needs

59
Q

the glosspharyngeal nerve is v important for swallowing bc

A

saliva flow during mastication

sensory input to faciliatate the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

pharyngeal and laryngeal elevation

ANAT + PHYS (9610) (19 decks)

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