UNIT 1: Intro Flashcards
Frontal (coronal) plane splits you into
front and back
sagittal plane splits you into
left and right
transverse (horizontal) plane splits you into
upper and lower body
anterior means …
towards the front
posterior means…
towards the back
medial means…
toward the midline
lateral means…
away from the midline
proximal means…
toward the center of the body
distal means …
away from the body
dorsal means…
situated near the back
ventral means…
situated near the front
ipsilateral means…
same side of the body
contralateral means…
opposite sides of the body
abduction means..
moving a limb away from the midline
adduction means…
moving a limb toward the midline
supination means …
turning the palm of the hand upward
pronation means …
turning the palm downward
aponeurosis means…
a thin sheath of CT that helps connect your muscles to your bones
fascia means…
thin casing of CT that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessels, bone, nerve fiber, and muscle in place
ligament means …
fibrous CT that attaches bone to bone
tendon means…
connects muscles to bones
sheath means…
covers and protects
raphe means…
derived from the word seam - intersection in a tissue or organ bw 2 separate parts
condyle of a bone is…
an articular prominence of a bone - articulates w other bones
protuberance is ..
swelling, bulging or protruding parts of bone
symphysis is …
a joint in which the body of one bone meets the body of another
tubercle is …
a small rounded protuberance
facet is …
a smooth flat surface that forms a gliding joint w another flat bone or facet
suture is …
the seams of the bones of the skull for example
fissure is …
an open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels
fossa is…
a shallow depression on the bone surface which may receive an articulating bone or act to support soft tissue structures
foramen
an opening that allows the passage of structures from one region to another
meatus
a passage or opening
sinus
a cavity, space, or channel in the body
what are the 4 basic tissue types that combine to for structures involved in communication?
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial tissue
covers surface of the body, lines passages/cavities communicating w external enviro, comprised of many cells and little extracellular material … avascular (No blood vessels)
connective tissue
glue of the body - comprised of cells and fibrous matrix - dense (tightly packed fibres) vs loose - and regular (fibres in parallel rows) vs irregular
dense CT includes
tendons, aponeurosis, ligaments, fascia
loose CT includes
areolar (bed for the skin) + adipose (fat storing cells)
what are the 3 types of specialized CTs
blood, cartilage, bone
what is blood made of
cells = erythrocytes + leukocytes, matrix = serum
what is cartilage made of
cells = chondrocytes, matrix = gelatinous
3 types of cartilage
hyaline - most abundant (ribcage, larynx, nose), elastic - extremely flexible (outer ear, epiglottis), fibrous - thick parallel bundles (invertebral discs)
what is bone made of
cells = osteocytes (osteoblasts and osteoclasts), matrix = dense bone matrix
3 types of muscle tissue
striated (aka skeletal muscle, voluntary control), smooth (muscular portion of visceral organs/blood vessels, involuntary control), and cardiac (walls of the heart, involuntary control)
basic function of a neuron
to communicate - generates an action potential - carries message to synapse w another neuron or another cell type - neurotransmitters can be excitatory or inhibitory
what are the 3 anatomical building blocks
organ - functional unit comprised of 2 or more types of tissue
system - functional unit combination of 2 or more organs
process - multiple systems functioning together
