UNIT 6 NEOPLASIAS

Question 1

WHAT IS:

1. hypertrophy
2. hyperplasia

Answer 1

1. enlargement cells, no remains same

2. no cells multiple but size remians same.

Question 2

neoplasia?

Answer 2

new modified cell clone, excessive + uncontrolled

Question 3

what is a cancer?

Answer 3

from caricinoma (malginant neoplasm) originated in epithelial cells .

Question 4

malignant =

Answer 4

• shape different
• nucelus abnromal
• cells disorganised

Question 5

metastasis is due to?

Answer 5

• lymphatic or heamatogenous dissemination

- most common: brain + bone, liver + lungs

Question 6

what is anaplasia?

Answer 6

very immature cell, growth rate is very high

Question 7

what is dyplasia? 3

Answer 7

non malignant

• pre malignant (intermediate stage)
• most common = oral, cervic, colon

Question 8

what is polyplasia?

Answer 8

• growth towards central aluscera
• most cmon : colon
• beging can turn malignant

Question 9

what are most malginant neoplasias in female and male?

Answer 9

• male = prostate 29%

- female = breast 26%

Question 10

WHAT IS:
1, carcinoma 
2. sarcoma 
3.adenocarcinoma 
4. neoplasm

Answer 10

1. cancer of EPITHELIAL TISSUE-skin or lining sarcoma
2. malignant CONNECTIVE TISSUE
3. malignant GLANDULAR
4. abnormal growth begning or malignant

Question 11

oma =

carcinoma =

Answer 11

oma = beging 
carcinoma = malginant

Question 12

what is myosarcoma

angloma?

Answer 12

• malginant neoplasm in muscle

- begning neoplasm in vessels

Question 13

excpections of oma ( neoplasms that are malginant that en din OMA)

Answer 13

• melanoma
• lymphoma
• myeloma (bone marrow)

Question 14

osteoma causes what?

Answer 14

ostyolysis

Question 15

difference btween proteoncgone non active

and oncogene?

Answer 15

it does not promote cancerous gene NON ACTIVE

it does promote cancerous gene (ACTIVE FORM)

Question 16

WHICH environmental carcinoma VIRUS’S are oncogenic? 4

Answer 16

1. hBV + HCV
2. EBV
3. NHV 8
4. HPV

Question 17

which associated cancer types are there with EBV? 3

Answer 17

1. BURKIT LYMPHOMA
2. Hodgkin disease ( binucelous)
3. Naso pharingeal carcinoma

Question 18

DIffrence betwee hep b + c ?

Answer 18

HBV = ATTACKS LIVER
Open sores, or body fluids

HCV = ATTACKS LIVER

• jaudice, loss apitite , nasuea
• bodily fluids, birth

Question 19

WHAT IS EBV?

Answer 19

HUMAN herpesvirus

• INFECTIVE mononucleos ( GLANDULAR FEVER +KISSING VIRUS)
• common in black race

Question 20

what is kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 20

• malignant CT
• common in african mouths
• masses in skin, etc

Question 21

which virus’s increase risk of kaposi sarcoma?

Answer 21

• HIV
• HERPES 8
• HOMOSEXUAL

Question 22

What is Burkitt lymphoma that is influenced by EBV?

Answer 22

• CANCER affect b cells = immnity

- SPORADIC FORM = non african = via malaria

Question 23

1. clinical non specific features of cancer=

2. specific

Answer 23

1. weight loss
2. fever

1.stenosis ( narrowing of vessels )
pain, dysfunction

Question 24

most cancer is what type?

Answer 24

CARCINOMA

EPITHELIAL= GI TRACT, SKIN, RESP, CERVICAL

Question 25

WHAT IS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME?

Answer 25

organ perfroms job isnt suppose to.

Question 26

how do you diagnose cancer? 3

Answer 26

1. serum tumour marker
2. cytology cells
3. biopsy tissue

Question 27

staging= TNM AND ROMAN NUMERALS

Answer 27

STAGE 1= T1-2
STAGE 2= T3-4 
STAGE 3 = N1 
STAGE 4 = M1 
e.g nx = cannot be evaluated

Question 28

prognosis for the staging =

Answer 28

stage 1 = 80-90%
stage 2 = 50-70
stage 3 = 40-50%
stage 4 = 20-30 %

Question 29

1) what is sensitvity

2) specifity?

Answer 29

sensitivty = true positive rate 
specifity = true negative rate