UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES

Question 1

what is syncope?

Answer 1

hypotension> too little ( perfuion) blood to brain ( loss of consciousness) due to too low BP

Question 2

hypotension

hypertension

Answer 2

abnormally too high/low blood pressure

Question 3

ischemia and hyperemia

Answer 3

low blood supply )vasoconstriction

high blood suply )vasodilation

Question 4

necrosis due to ischemia causes?

Answer 4

1. gangrene ( extremities)

2. myocardial infraction

Question 5

hypothermia causes what?

Answer 5

cardiac arrest (death)

Question 6

frostbite ?

Answer 6

necrosis due to local low temperature

-can get from liquid nitrogen that freezes WARTS

Question 7

stages of frostbite=

Answer 7

1. frostnip
2. superficial fluid blister
3. deep =black blister

Question 8

what is raynauds disease? ( gloves)

Answer 8

high vasoconstriction when it is cold, blood cannot get to fingers/toes = cyanosis

Question 9

what is Gangrene ?

Answer 9

loss of blood supply tissue necrosis

- typically toes, fingers

Question 10

when can gangrene occur? 3

Answer 10

result of an

1) injury,
2) sev bacterial infection
3) affected blood circulation.

Question 11

phases of raynauds disease 3 =

Answer 11

1. pallor from vasoconstriction
2. cynosis
3. redness = vasodilation

Question 12

degrees of burns 3 =

Answer 12

1st degree = redness
2nd =blisters
3rd = necrosis

Question 13

radiation injuries:

what is dangerous and safe?

Answer 13

safe = below visible light 
dangerous = above UV range

Question 14

what are biological affects of radiation injury? 4

Answer 14

1. necrosis
2. mutation of SOMATIC CELLS = leukemia of bone marrow + thyroid
3. alt in chromosomes
4. germ cell damage (embryonic cell>gamete)

Question 15

Acute syndrome of radiation=

Answer 15

high doses of radiation in short time:

Atomic bomb or nuclear accident.

Question 16

– Chronic syndrome of radiation= 3

Answer 16

low doses of radiation in a long time:
Radiotherapy or diagnostic procedures (radiologist)
• Genetic mutations: teratogenic effects.
• Fibrosis/scarring of radiated area.
• Malignant neoplasias (cancer):
– Hematological neoplasias (leukemia)
– Thyroid neoplasias

Question 17

what does UV RADIATION DO?

Answer 17

10% of sunburn = inc risk of melanoma =MALIGANANT SKIN CANCER

Question 18

electrical burns degrees= 3

or cardiac arrest from electrocution?

Answer 18

1st-3rd degree-can be entry + exit wounds

-cardiac arrest= ventricular fibrillation of electrocution

Question 19

Phases of toxic pathogenic action

Answer 19

– Exposure
– Absorption
• Local or Systemic

–Distribution
– Biotransformation (Metabolism)
– Excretion