Unit 6 Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
1
Q
What are 4 primary motor impairments associated with MS?
A
- decreased sensation
- weakness
- spasticity
- intention tremor and ataxia
2
Q
List 4 secondary symptoms?
A
- contractures
- UTI
- skin breakdown –> ulcers
- balance
3
Q
Describe the most common type of MS?
A
- Relapsing Remitting (RRMS)
- attacks or exacerbations and remissions
- about 85% of people
4
Q
What is MS?
A
- degenerative disease of the CNS
- myelin sheath is “attacked”
- commonly diagnosed between 15 and 40 years of age
5
Q
Why do the symptoms vary so much among different people?
A
- depends where in the brain is affected
- not everyone has similar symptoms
- individuals can present differently from one day to the next
6
Q
What are possible psychological symptoms?
A
- depression
- dementia
- psychosis (not very common)
- seizures (not very common)
7
Q
What is the cause of MS?
A
- multi-factorial (depending on several factors or causes)
- autoimmune system dysfunction
- genetic predisposition
- environment: early exposure to viruses
8
Q
What are the 3 tests that are done to confirm the diagnosis of MS?
A
- MRI
- CSF: presence of proteins
- Evoked potentials: look how fast the nerves are firing
9
Q
What are the different types of MS?
A
- Relapsing Remitting (RRMS)
- attacks or exacerbations and remissions
- about 85% of people
- Secondary Progressive (SPMS)
- Periods of relapses and remissions become less distinct over time
- Primary Progressive (PPMS)
- slow progression without remissions
- about 10% of people
- Progressive-Relapsing (PRMS)
- Periods of attacks without remissions
- Steadily worsening from beginning
- Rarest form
10
Q
What is the acute pathophysiology of MS?
A
- degeneration of oligodendrocytes
- ->demylination of white matter
- ->inflammatory response
*Note: axon sparred
11
Q
What happened in the later stage of pathophysiology of MS?
A
- infiltration of macrophages
- ->plagues (scar tissues)
- axon damaged
- ->atrophy of white matter
12
Q
What are the implications for rehabilitation clinicians for OT?
A
- Coordination ex.
- AT device
- Positioning
- Mobility (w/c)
- joint protection
13
Q
What are the implications for rehabilitation clinicians for PT?
A
- ROM
- strengthening
- stretching
- gait training
- balance
- endurance
14
Q
What are the clinical presentations of MS?
A
- Symptoms increase with extreme temperature (very hot, very cold)
- As it progresses, there are lasting and cumulative effects of the exacerbations (worsening)
- Initial symptoms may include: fatigue, sensory and visual impairments (blurred vision or double vision)
15
Q
What are the medical management for MS?
A
- Symptomatic drug therapy
- For example, to reduce spasticity or pain
- Medications to slow progression
- Immunosuppressive therapy to: decrease frequencies of relapses
- slow progression
- MS is complex and variable
- interdisciplinary approach important
