Unit 6 - Global Risks and Resilience Flashcards
What is hacking?
- the gaining of unauthorised access to data in a system or computer
- an attempt to exploit a computer system or a private network inside a computer
What is identity-theft?
- the fraudulent practice of using another person’s name and personal information in order to obtain credit, loans, etc.
- use of an individual’s personally identifying information by someone else without that individual’s permission or knowledge
What are the environmental factors affecting supply-chain risks?
- natural disasters
- extreme weather events
- epidemics
What are the political factors affecting supply-chain risks?
- protectionism
- trade restrictions
- conflict
What are the economic factors affecting supply-chain risks?
- currency fluctuations
- trade restrictions imposed by governments
What are the technological factors affecting supply-chain risks?
- disruption to transport networks and ICT networks
What is the repatriation of profits?
- the movement of profits made in a business or investment in a foreign country back to the country of origin
Why are profits normally repatriated?
- to protect against expropriation or to take advantage of currency fluctuation
When is profit repatriation an important factor?
- when determining whether foreign direct investment (FDI) in another country is actually profitable for the parent firm
What is tax avoidance?
- the arrangement of one’s financial affairs to minimise tax liability within the law
- he legal usage of the tax regime in a single territory to one’s own advantage to reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law
How do wealthy people avoid taxes?
- live in countries with lower rates of tax
What are drones?
- unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operated by remote control, either by an operator or by an on-board computer
What are the advantages of drones?
- can be used for surveillance in natural and man-made disasters to survey damage, locate victims, help the police search for lost children and monitor large crowds
How much is the drone industry expected to generate between 2015 and 2018?
- over $13 billion
How much is the drone industry expected to generate by 2025?
- $80 billion
How many jobs is the drone industry expected to generate?
- 30,000 manufacturing jobs
- 70,000 technical jobs
What are the disadvantages of drones?
- caused many civilian fatalities
- been linked with invasion of personal privacy
- drones used in war are operated far from the conflict zone and may thus desensitise military personnel to war and killing
- cost
- breakdown or malfunction of computer software
- human error in operation
How many respondent in a US survey indicated that the supported the use of droned and UAVs in war?
- 56%
How many people were killed by drones between 2006 and 2009?
- 746 people killed in attacks using drones
- 147 of the victims were civilians
94 were children
How many civilians did Pakistan claim had been killed in Pakistan in US strikes since 2006?
- 400 civilians
What is 3D printing technology (or “additive manufacturing”)?
- (allows for the) creation of physical objects from a digital model, by building them up in a sequence of layers
- allows manufacturers to create complex 3D objects in a short time
What are the favours of 3D printing?
- could counter globalisation, as many users will do much of their own manufacturing rather than outsource or engage in trade
- could lead to the development of localised, customised production that responds to demand
- little was involved
- e.g. has been used to create human body parts, organs and tissues
What are the risks of 3D printing?
- lack of legislation and regulations concerning the technology means that it can be used to create weapons and counterfeit goods
- will replace labour
- can enable gangs to steal money from ATM machines
What is polarisation?
- rising geopolitical tensions and economic rivalries divide the global economy into competing blocs of countries