Unit 5 - Human Development and Diversity Flashcards
What is the Human Development Index?
- a composite measure of development including life expectancy, mean years of education and income adjusted to local living cost, so high purchasing power
What is the Gender Inequality Index?
- measures gender inequalities, looking at reproductive health, gender empowerment and economic status
What have UN Women and UN Global Compact developed?
- Women’s Empowerment Principles:
- establish corporate leadership for gender equality
- treat all women and men fairly at work
- ensure the health, safety and well-being of all workers
- promote education, training and professional development for women
- promote equality through community initiatives
- measure and report on progress to achieve gender equality
What is culture?
- the way of life of a particular society or group of people
- includes beliefs, behaviours, customs, traditions, rituals, dress, language, art, music, sport and literature
What is cultural imperialism?
- when one culture defeats another and force its beliefs and customs on to the conquered people
What is cultural diffusion?
- the spread of cultural traits, occurs when two cultures intermingle
What is a diaspora?
- dispersal of a population formerly concentrated in one place
What are the advantages of globalised production for local commercial production?
- Producer: increased market access and sales, possibly more farm-gate sales
- Consumer: fresh food, local products “in season”, reduced air miles, smaller carbon footprint
- Local economy: improved local farming economy, multiplier effects
What are the advantages of globalised production for globalised production?
- Producer: ability to produce foods cheaply and to a uniform standard
- Consumer: cheap food available year round, all types of products available year round, competition between producers keeps main costs down
- Local economy: may be able to provide large amounts of a single product to a major TNC, specialisation allows intensification and increased production
What are the costs of globalised production for local commercial production?
- Producer: increasing cost of oil makes cost of input higher, greater emphasis on quality may make production less profitable
- Consumer: higher cost of local farm products, less choice “out of season”
- Local economy: cost of subsides to maintain farming
What are the costs of globalised production for globalised production?
- Producer: increased air miles, higher costs of inputs, profit margins increasing squeezed
- Consumer: increased costs are likely to be passed on to the consumer, indirect costs such as pollution control, declining water quality, soil erosion and eutrophication of streams
- Local economy: undercuts local farmers who may quit farming, producers are vulnerable to changes in demand and are at the mercy of TNCs
What are some reasons for the rise of anti-immigration?
- threats over competition for:
- jobs
- cost of housing
- education
- health care
What is a civil society?
- composed of all the civic and social organisations or movements that form the basis of a functioning society
- work in the between the household, the private sector and the state to negotiate matters of public concern
- include non-governmental organisations, community groups, trade unions, academic institutions and faith-based organisations
What is resource nationalism?
- when a country decides to take all, or part of, its natural resources under state ownership
What are trade restrictions?
- a form of protectionism
- most of them place an additional charge on traded goods to make home goods more competitive
