Unit 5 - Human Development and Diversity Flashcards
What is the Human Development Index?
- a composite measure of development including life expectancy, mean years of education and income adjusted to local living cost, so high purchasing power
What is the Gender Inequality Index?
- measures gender inequalities, looking at reproductive health, gender empowerment and economic status
What have UN Women and UN Global Compact developed?
- Women’s Empowerment Principles:
- establish corporate leadership for gender equality
- treat all women and men fairly at work
- ensure the health, safety and well-being of all workers
- promote education, training and professional development for women
- promote equality through community initiatives
- measure and report on progress to achieve gender equality
What is culture?
- the way of life of a particular society or group of people
- includes beliefs, behaviours, customs, traditions, rituals, dress, language, art, music, sport and literature
What is cultural imperialism?
- when one culture defeats another and force its beliefs and customs on to the conquered people
What is cultural diffusion?
- the spread of cultural traits, occurs when two cultures intermingle
What is a diaspora?
- dispersal of a population formerly concentrated in one place
What are the advantages of globalised production for local commercial production?
- Producer: increased market access and sales, possibly more farm-gate sales
- Consumer: fresh food, local products “in season”, reduced air miles, smaller carbon footprint
- Local economy: improved local farming economy, multiplier effects
What are the advantages of globalised production for globalised production?
- Producer: ability to produce foods cheaply and to a uniform standard
- Consumer: cheap food available year round, all types of products available year round, competition between producers keeps main costs down
- Local economy: may be able to provide large amounts of a single product to a major TNC, specialisation allows intensification and increased production
What are the costs of globalised production for local commercial production?
- Producer: increasing cost of oil makes cost of input higher, greater emphasis on quality may make production less profitable
- Consumer: higher cost of local farm products, less choice “out of season”
- Local economy: cost of subsides to maintain farming
What are the costs of globalised production for globalised production?
- Producer: increased air miles, higher costs of inputs, profit margins increasing squeezed
- Consumer: increased costs are likely to be passed on to the consumer, indirect costs such as pollution control, declining water quality, soil erosion and eutrophication of streams
- Local economy: undercuts local farmers who may quit farming, producers are vulnerable to changes in demand and are at the mercy of TNCs
What are some reasons for the rise of anti-immigration?
- threats over competition for:
- jobs
- cost of housing
- education
- health care
What is a civil society?
- composed of all the civic and social organisations or movements that form the basis of a functioning society
- work in the between the household, the private sector and the state to negotiate matters of public concern
- include non-governmental organisations, community groups, trade unions, academic institutions and faith-based organisations
What is resource nationalism?
- when a country decides to take all, or part of, its natural resources under state ownership
What are trade restrictions?
- a form of protectionism
- most of them place an additional charge on traded goods to make home goods more competitive
What are tariffs?
- taxes on imports
What are quotas?
- limits on the volume of imports
What is People’s Global Action?
- a network for spreading information and coordinating actions between grassroots movements around the world
- these groups share an opposition to capitalism and a commitment to direct action and civil disobedience as the most effective form of struggle
What is the Global Internet Freedom Progam?
- civil society that aims to strengthen policy for internet freedom in the global south, as well as in internet forums
What are three areas where social media have enabled women’s political activism?
- hashtag activism bringing women’s issues to the forefront of political agendas
- tackling violence against women through social media tools
- public accountability towards gender equality
