Unit 1 - Changing Population Flashcards

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1
Q

What is population distribution?

A
  • where people live
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2
Q

What are human factors influencing population distribution?

A
  • distribution of raw materials
  • government policies may lead to a redistribution
  • new town policies
  • conflict and war
  • migration of people
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3
Q

What are physical factors influencing population distribution?

A
  • fertile river valleys
  • places with regular supplies of water
  • good communications and the potential for trade
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4
Q

What is population density?

A
  • measure of how many people live per km2
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5
Q

What is an HIC?

A
  • annual income of over $12475
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6
Q

What is an LIC?

A
  • annual income of less than $1025
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7
Q

What is an MIC?

A
  • annual income between $1025and $12475
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8
Q

What is an MEDC?

A
  • more economically developed countries

- most developed countries that have a high standard of living

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9
Q

What is an LEDC?

A
  • less economically developed countries

- lower stage of development that have a lower quality of life

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10
Q

What is an NIC?

A
  • newly industrialised country

- countries that have experienced rapid industrial, social and economic growth since 1960

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11
Q

What is a CPE?

A
  • centrally planned economies
  • socialist countries under strict government controls
  • living standards higher than in LEDCs although personal freedom may be limited
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12
Q

What are LDCs?

A
  • least developed countries

- very low standards of living

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13
Q

What does population change include?

A
  • birth rates
  • death rates
  • migration
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14
Q

What does the general demographic transition model show?

A
  • changes in birth rates and death rates over time
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15
Q

How can natural increase be calculated?

A
  • subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate
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16
Q

What is the total fertility rate?

A
  • average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age
17
Q

What is total fertility rate influenced by?

A
  • status of women
  • level of education
  • material ambition
  • religion
  • health of the mother
  • economic prosperity
  • need for children
  • social and cultural pressure
18
Q

What is life expectancy?

A
  • average number of years that a person can be expected to live
19
Q

What is dependency ratio?

A
  • relates the working population to the dependent population

- (number of dependants/population(ages 15-64)) x 100

20
Q

Why is the men’s life expectancy usually lower than the women’s life expectancy?

A
  • higher retirement age for men
  • heavy physical labour for men
  • greater likelihood for men of involvement in conflict
  • men lead more “self-destructive” lifestyles (smoking and/or drinking to excess)
21
Q

What do population pyramids show?

A
  • population structure in terms of age, sex and ethnicity
22
Q

What is forced migration?

A
  • the movement of refugees and internally displaced people
  • displaced by conflicts as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects
23
Q

What are conflict-induced displacement?

A
  • people who are forced to mov due to armed conflict
24
Q

What are development-induced displacement?

A
  • people forced to move due to large-scale infrastructure projects
25
Q

What are disaster-induced displacement?

A
  • people forced to move due to natural disasters and human-induced disaster
26
Q

What is a refugee?

A
  • a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of well-founded fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion
27
Q

What is an asylum seeker?

A
  • people who have left their country of origin in search of protection in another country, but whose claim for refugee status has not been decided
28
Q

What are internally displaces persons?

A
  • groups of people who have been forced to flee their home, due to armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights or natural or man-made disasters, and who are still living within their own country
29
Q

What is an ageing population?

A
  • one with an increasing number of elderly people
30
Q

What is the older dependancy ratio?

A
  • relates the number of working-age people to the older population that they support
31
Q

What are some advantages of an ageing population?

A
  • elderly may have skills (including social skills) and training
  • some employers, especially supermarkets and furniture stores, prefer elders to younger workers
  • elderly may look after their grandchildren, allowing the parents to work
32
Q

What is a pro-natalist country

A
  • a country that wishes to increase its population size
33
Q

What is an anti-natalist country?

A
  • a country that wishes to limit its population size
34
Q

What are some family planning methods?

A
  • contraceptives
  • forced sterilisation
  • abortion
35
Q

What is an anti-trafficking policy?

A
  • UN 2003 protocol to prevent, support and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children
36
Q

What is a demographic dividend?

A
  • the increase in proportion of adults in a population
37
Q

What are the benefits of the demographic dividend?

A
  • increased labour supply
  • healthier women (lower fertility rate)
  • less social and economic pressures at home (lower fertility rate)
  • better health and educational outcomes for children (lower fertility rate)
  • economic growth
38
Q

What happens after the demographic dividend?

A
  • the dependancy ratio increases again

- demographic dividend becomes a liability