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AP US History > Unit 6- Gilded Age > Flashcards

Unit 6- Gilded Age Flashcards

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1
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Railroad that connects east and west coast

  • Built by immigrants
  • Built from both sides and met in the middle
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2
Q

Boomtowns

A

Towns that developed in the West based on mineral wealth

- Got big quick and usually disappeared

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3
Q

Homestead Act

A

Government gave away land in the west

  • a person had to build a home and farm/ranch for 5 years (afterwards it became their property)
  • Encouraged thousands to move west
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4
Q

Exodusters

A

African Americans who fled the south and started homesteads (mostly in Kansas)

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5
Q

Pacific Railway Act

A

Act that gave land to railroad companies to build the railroad
- railroads usually sold the land to make money for the railroad

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6
Q

“New South”

A

Coined by southern newspapers

- South began to invest in manufacturing and industry after the Civil War (Birmingham Steel)

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7
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Southern laws that segregate or discriminate against African Americans (poll taxes, literacy tests, etc.)

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8
Q

Poll taxes

A

A payment that was required in order to vote

- prevented poor blacks from voting

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9
Q

Literacy tests

A

A test that one must pass in order to vote

  • Usually impossible to pass even if you are literate
  • prevented blacks from voting
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10
Q

Plessy v. Fergusson

A

Court case that made segregation LEGAL

- “separate but equal”

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11
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

African American leader- argued that African Americans should EARN equality by working hard

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12
Q

WEB DuBois

A

African American leader- Argued that educated Blacks should DEMAND equality from the government

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13
Q

Dawes Act

A

Forced Native Americans onto reservations and separated them into property units
- Forced Native Americans to accept white culture

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14
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn

A

Native American Victory over US military

- Cause more military intervention to destroy natives and force them on reservations

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15
Q

Carlisle Indian School

A

Indian boarding school

- forced Natives to abandon their culture and “civilize”

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16
Q

Gilded Age

A

Time period of Industrial Revolution

- Looked good on the outside, dingy and fake on the inside

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17
Q

Bessemer Process

A

A new way of manufacturing steel

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18
Q

Typewriter

A

Important invention that made working and documentation more efficient
- created employment opportunities for women

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19
Q

Oil

A

Energy source used for fuel

- made JD Rockefeller Rich

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20
Q

Robber Baron

A

A wealthy industrialist

  • Used power and shady techniques to become more wealthy
  • often abused their workers
21
Q

Captain of Industry

A

A title for wealthy businessmen who used their profits to benefit society

22
Q

Monopoly

A

When one company controls an entire industry

- Ex. Rockefeller’s Standard oil controlled almost all of the Oil in the US

23
Q

Trust

A

When companies work together to control the market

24
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Oil Baron

  • Eliminated competition and created a monopoly
  • Used money to maintain power and control over the market
25
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

Railroad Tycoon

  • controlled transportation and raised prices to make money
  • Rarely gave away any money to society
26
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Steel Baron

  • Paid workers very little and had dangerous working conditions in order to make more money
  • Known for giving a lot of his money to charity (libraries, Carnegie hall)
27
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Controlling all aspects of production (factories, transportation, inputs, etc.)
- Carnegie controlled the iron mines, factories, transportation, etc.

28
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Controlling am entire industry

- Rockefeller would buy out other oil companies until he controlled most of the oil

29
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Article written by Carnegie

- He argues that wealthy have a responsibility to give back to society.

30
Q

Unions

A

Organizations of workers who are created to help get higher wages and better working conditions. Unions work together to get results.

31
Q

Homestead Strike

A

Union strike at Carnegies steel factory to demand higher pay

- Workers were shot by strikebreakers

32
Q

Pullman Strike

A

Union strike against Pullman company in Chicago

- President sent in the military to stop the strike and force workers back to work

33
Q

Nativism

A

Opposition to immigrants

  • Country should only care about “native-born” citizens
  • Leads to dissemination towards immigrants
34
Q

Ethnic Neighborhoods

A

Immigrants tend to form their own communities in major cities
Ex- little Italy in Chicago, china town in New York

35
Q

Push/Pull factors for immigration

A

Pull Factors

  • industrialization (jobs)
  • freedom and opportunity

Push Factors

  • Famine (Irish)
  • Persecution
  • Poverty
36
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

Act that prevented Chinese immigration, Forced Chinese to leave the US
- created because of nativism against chinese

37
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Muckraker- photographer

  • took photos of immigrants
  • published to show how hard the immigrant life was in the US (create sympathy for immigrants)
38
Q

Settlement Houses

A

Created by Jane Addams

- Created a transition home to help immigrants adapt to the US and learn English

39
Q

Political Machines

A

Corrupt government organizations designed to keep power and continue being elected
- Used favors for immigrants to continue to be elected

40
Q

Graft

A

Using power position to profit off information or to transfer money to friends

41
Q

Tammany Hall

A

Political Machine in NYC led by Boss Tweed

42
Q

Boss Tweed

A

Political Machine leader in New York City

- Basically ran NYC for decades and profited from graft

43
Q

Thomas Nast

A

Muckraker- Cartoonist

- Drew Cartoons to expose Boss Tweed and took down Tammany Hall

44
Q

Muckrakers

A

Individuals (authors, artists, etc) who exposed the problems of the Gilded age in order to inspire change

45
Q

Progressive Era

A

Time period of change to address the problems of the Gilded Age

46
Q

Social Gospel

A

The idea that Christians should help social problems and make the world better

47
Q

Populist Party

A

Political party led by farmers and poor workers to change the government.

  • common man
  • wanted to take down wealthy elites in government
48
Q

Cross of Gold Speech

A

Speech by William Jennings Bryan

  • opposed the Gold Standard
  • Would hurt farmers and benefit the rich (poor people could not afford gold)

AP US History (8 decks)

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