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AP US History > Unit 6- Gilded Age > Flashcards

Unit 6- Gilded Age Flashcards

1
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

Railroad that connects east and west coast

  • Built by immigrants
  • Built from both sides and met in the middle
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2
Q

Boomtowns

A

Towns that developed in the West based on mineral wealth

- Got big quick and usually disappeared

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3
Q

Homestead Act

A

Government gave away land in the west

  • a person had to build a home and farm/ranch for 5 years (afterwards it became their property)
  • Encouraged thousands to move west
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4
Q

Exodusters

A

African Americans who fled the south and started homesteads (mostly in Kansas)

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5
Q

Pacific Railway Act

A

Act that gave land to railroad companies to build the railroad
- railroads usually sold the land to make money for the railroad

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6
Q

“New South”

A

Coined by southern newspapers

- South began to invest in manufacturing and industry after the Civil War (Birmingham Steel)

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7
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Southern laws that segregate or discriminate against African Americans (poll taxes, literacy tests, etc.)

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8
Q

Poll taxes

A

A payment that was required in order to vote

- prevented poor blacks from voting

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9
Q

Literacy tests

A

A test that one must pass in order to vote

  • Usually impossible to pass even if you are literate
  • prevented blacks from voting
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10
Q

Plessy v. Fergusson

A

Court case that made segregation LEGAL

- “separate but equal”

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11
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

African American leader- argued that African Americans should EARN equality by working hard

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12
Q

WEB DuBois

A

African American leader- Argued that educated Blacks should DEMAND equality from the government

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13
Q

Dawes Act

A

Forced Native Americans onto reservations and separated them into property units
- Forced Native Americans to accept white culture

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14
Q

Battle of Little Bighorn

A

Native American Victory over US military

- Cause more military intervention to destroy natives and force them on reservations

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15
Q

Carlisle Indian School

A

Indian boarding school

- forced Natives to abandon their culture and “civilize”

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16
Q

Gilded Age

A

Time period of Industrial Revolution

- Looked good on the outside, dingy and fake on the inside

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17
Q

Bessemer Process

A

A new way of manufacturing steel

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18
Q

Typewriter

A

Important invention that made working and documentation more efficient
- created employment opportunities for women

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19
Q

Oil

A

Energy source used for fuel

- made JD Rockefeller Rich

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20
Q

Robber Baron

A

A wealthy industrialist

  • Used power and shady techniques to become more wealthy
  • often abused their workers
21
Q

Captain of Industry

A

A title for wealthy businessmen who used their profits to benefit society

22
Q

Monopoly

A

When one company controls an entire industry

- Ex. Rockefeller’s Standard oil controlled almost all of the Oil in the US

23
Q

Trust

A

When companies work together to control the market

24
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Oil Baron

  • Eliminated competition and created a monopoly
  • Used money to maintain power and control over the market
25
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Railroad Tycoon - controlled transportation and raised prices to make money - Rarely gave away any money to society
26
Andrew Carnegie
Steel Baron - Paid workers very little and had dangerous working conditions in order to make more money - Known for giving a lot of his money to charity (libraries, Carnegie hall)
27
Horizontal Integration
Controlling all aspects of production (factories, transportation, inputs, etc.) - Carnegie controlled the iron mines, factories, transportation, etc.
28
Vertical Integration
Controlling am entire industry | - Rockefeller would buy out other oil companies until he controlled most of the oil
29
Gospel of Wealth
Article written by Carnegie | - He argues that wealthy have a responsibility to give back to society.
30
Unions
Organizations of workers who are created to help get higher wages and better working conditions. Unions work together to get results.
31
Homestead Strike
Union strike at Carnegies steel factory to demand higher pay | - Workers were shot by strikebreakers
32
Pullman Strike
Union strike against Pullman company in Chicago | - President sent in the military to stop the strike and force workers back to work
33
Nativism
Opposition to immigrants - Country should only care about "native-born" citizens - Leads to dissemination towards immigrants
34
Ethnic Neighborhoods
Immigrants tend to form their own communities in major cities Ex- little Italy in Chicago, china town in New York
35
Push/Pull factors for immigration
Pull Factors - industrialization (jobs) - freedom and opportunity Push Factors - Famine (Irish) - Persecution - Poverty
36
Chinese Exclusion Act
Act that prevented Chinese immigration, Forced Chinese to leave the US - created because of nativism against chinese
37
Jacob Riis
Muckraker- photographer - took photos of immigrants - published to show how hard the immigrant life was in the US (create sympathy for immigrants)
38
Settlement Houses
Created by Jane Addams | - Created a transition home to help immigrants adapt to the US and learn English
39
Political Machines
Corrupt government organizations designed to keep power and continue being elected - Used favors for immigrants to continue to be elected
40
Graft
Using power position to profit off information or to transfer money to friends
41
Tammany Hall
Political Machine in NYC led by Boss Tweed
42
Boss Tweed
Political Machine leader in New York City | - Basically ran NYC for decades and profited from graft
43
Thomas Nast
Muckraker- Cartoonist | - Drew Cartoons to expose Boss Tweed and took down Tammany Hall
44
Muckrakers
Individuals (authors, artists, etc) who exposed the problems of the Gilded age in order to inspire change
45
Progressive Era
Time period of change to address the problems of the Gilded Age
46
Social Gospel
The idea that Christians should help social problems and make the world better
47
Populist Party
Political party led by farmers and poor workers to change the government. - common man - wanted to take down wealthy elites in government
48
Cross of Gold Speech
Speech by William Jennings Bryan - opposed the Gold Standard - Would hurt farmers and benefit the rich (poor people could not afford gold)

AP US History (8 decks)

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