Unit 1/2 Early Colonization Flashcards
Encomienda System
Spanish hierarchy system in the new world
- Enslaved Native Americans
- Meant to protect and teach Christianity
Columbian Exchange
Exchange of resources, ideas, diseases between the new world and the old world
Smallpox
Deadly old world disease. Killed millions of Native Americans
Monarchy
form of government run by a King or Queen with absolute power
Transatlantic Trade
Triangular trade between Americas, Europe, and Africa.
- Americas sent resources to Europe in exchange for manufactured good
- Europe sent good to Africa in exchange for slaves sent to the new world.
Chattel Slavery
Brutal slavery where a person was deemed property (chattel)
Mercantilism
Early economic system where wealth is created through trade. More goods to trade = more wealth
Indentured Servitude
form of servitude practiced in the British Colonies. A person would sell their labor to a wealthier individual in exchange for travel and accommodations.
- After agreed time period person would then become free
Puritans
Religious group from England, established the New England colonies to flee from persecution in Britain.
John Winthrop
- Leader of the Puritans
- Gave the “City on a Hill” speech about honoring God and establishing the colonies as a model for the rest of the world
Pueblo Revolt
Native American uprising against Spain.
New England Colonies
- Religious (centered around church)
- Community based
- Created wealth through Trade posts (Harsh Winters)
- Subsistence farmers
Chesapeake Colonies
- Individualistic
- Goal was to build wealth
- Great soil and long growing seasons led to plantations
- Grew Cash crops (Tobacco, Sugar Cane, Cotton)
Middle Colonies
- Diverse (people from all over Europe)
- Religious freedom/tolerance
- Small Grain farms
- Established larger trad posts (New York City
Primogeniture
European system where the oldest son receives the entire families inheritance
- Forced younger siblings to pursue other opportunities
Democracy
A form of government where people vote to determine laws
Salutary Neglect
British governance of the colonies. Britain stayed out of the colonies and allowed them to govern themselves.
Quakers
Pennsylvania religious group believed in nonviolence
Stono Rebellion
Slave uprising in Georgia where slaves killed their masters and many white people in the community
Bacon’s Rebellion
Uprising of poor indentured servants and slaves against the elites in Virginia. Meant to give slaves and indentured servants more rights
- Resulted in harsh slave codes
Slave Codes
regulations regarding slaves
- Slaves could not learn to read or write
- Slaves were not allowed to leave plantations
Metacom/King Phillip’s War
Native American uprising in New England to protest the unjust killing of Natives
Cash Cropping/Plantations
Economic system in the south. Used large plantations to grow specific crops (tobacco, cotton, sugar cane) for profit.
- Often used cheap/slave labor
