Unit 6 - Evolution & Classification Flashcards
The primitive Earth’s atmosphere is hypothesized to have no…
oxygen
Where do scientists believe life originated on the Earth?
the oceans
The belief that life comes only from other life is called…
biogenesis
Humans arrived on Earth during which era?
Cenozoic
How old do scientists think that the earth is?
4.6 billion years
What kind of rock are most fossils found in?
sedimentary
Which microorganism created the first oxygen that changed Earth’s atmosphere at the end of the Precambrian era?
cyanobacteria
The process of making energy using Oxygen is called _________ and could only happen with the presence of organisms able to carry on photosynthesis.
aerobic respiration
When species start from a common ancestor but gradually become more extinct, this is called…
divergent evolution
Species that evolved similar traits because they have similar roles in their environments but are NOT genetically related are a result of…
covergent evolution
Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called…
homologous structures
Charles Darwin proposed the theory called _____ that said organisms best suited to their environment have the best chance of surviving.
natural selection
Type of selection that favors the average; reduces variation
stabilizing selection
Type of selection that favors both extremes; results in 2 new species
disruptive selection
Type of selection that favors one extreme; results in rapid change in a species.
directional selection
Movement of genes between populations
gene flow
Movement of genes OUT of a population
emigration
Movement of genes INTO a population
immigration
Adaptation that allows an organism to blend into its environment
camouflage
Adaptation that allows a species to look like another species
mimicry
A structure that was useful to ancestors and is still found in modern organisms, but has NO use(ex: human tailbone), is called…
vestigial structure
Humans that were nearly identical to homo sapiens evolved from a side branch were called…
Cro-Magnon
Organisms that are able to walk upright on two feet are…
bipedal
The first cells were called…
protocells
Bacteria that can live in very harsh conditions and make energy through chemosynthesis are called…
archaebacteria
Belief that nonliving materials could be transformed into living organisms
spontaneous generation
When evolution occurs in short, rapid bursts in response to changes in environment
punctuated evolution
When evolution occurs very slowly over a long period of time
gradualism
Percentage of an allele in a population
allelic frequency
Total number of genes present in a population
gene pool
The trait that allows humans to grasp things and use tools
opposable thumb
2 lines of evolution from hominoids; includes humans and African apes
hominids
Measurement used in radiometric dating; the amount of time it takes for half of the material to decay
half-life
Humans belong to this group of terrestrial mammals with many shared features including opposable thumbs
primates
Which group of primates that are nocturnal and small in size (ex: ring-tailed lemurs)?
prosimians
Which group of primates do humans belong to?
anthropoids
Which kingdom is filled with Earth’s decomposers (ex: molds)?
fungi
Which kingdom do we belong to?
animalia
Which kingdom includes every type of bacteria EXCEPT for archaebacteria?
eubacteria
Organisms in the archaebacteria kingdom are…
prokaryotic
Organisms in the protist kingdom…
can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic
If an organism is sessile(like plants or fungi) then it…
is stationary
If an organism is mobile(such as animals or bacteria), then it…
can move under its own power
Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation using flies and meat?
Francesco Redi
Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms using broth?
Louis Pasteur
Which scientist(s) performaned an experiment to support Oparin’s theory of biogenesis?
Urey & Miller
The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship is called…
endosymbiosis
If an organism displays NO symmetry, that is…
asymmetry
If an organism can be divided along any plane on a central axis, that is…
radial symmetry
If an organism can be divided into 2 halves, that is…
bilateral symmetry
The branch of science dedicated to organizing and naming organisms is called…
taxonomy
The process of organizing and naming living things according to similar characteristics is…
classification
Which of these are used in binomial nomenclature?
Genus and Species
What is the name of the most specific classification level?
Species
If an organism makes its own food, it is…
autotrophic
If an organism gets its food by consuming other organisms, it is…
heterotrophic
Dinosaurs roamed the earth during which era?
Mesozoic
True or False: If two organisms are in the same genus, they are also in the same family.
TRUE
True or False: If two organisms are in the same order, they are in the same species.
FALSE
