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Martlock Biology > Unit 6 - Evolution & Classification > Flashcards

Unit 6 - Evolution & Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

The primitive Earth’s atmosphere is hypothesized to have no…

A

oxygen

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2
Q

Where do scientists believe life originated on the Earth?

A

the oceans

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3
Q

The belief that life comes only from other life is called…

A

biogenesis

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4
Q

Humans arrived on Earth during which era?

A

Cenozoic

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5
Q

How old do scientists think that the earth is?

A

4.6 billion years

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6
Q

What kind of rock are most fossils found in?

A

sedimentary

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7
Q

Which microorganism created the first oxygen that changed Earth’s atmosphere at the end of the Precambrian era?

A

cyanobacteria

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8
Q

The process of making energy using Oxygen is called _________ and could only happen with the presence of organisms able to carry on photosynthesis.

A

aerobic respiration

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9
Q

When species start from a common ancestor but gradually become more extinct, this is called…

A

divergent evolution

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10
Q

Species that evolved similar traits because they have similar roles in their environments but are NOT genetically related are a result of…

A

covergent evolution

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11
Q

Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called…

A

homologous structures

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12
Q

Charles Darwin proposed the theory called _____ that said organisms best suited to their environment have the best chance of surviving.

A

natural selection

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13
Q

Type of selection that favors the average; reduces variation

A

stabilizing selection

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14
Q

Type of selection that favors both extremes; results in 2 new species

A

disruptive selection

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15
Q

Type of selection that favors one extreme; results in rapid change in a species.

A

directional selection

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16
Q

Movement of genes between populations

A

gene flow

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17
Q

Movement of genes OUT of a population

A

emigration

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18
Q

Movement of genes INTO a population

A

immigration

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19
Q

Adaptation that allows an organism to blend into its environment

A

camouflage

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20
Q

Adaptation that allows a species to look like another species

A

mimicry

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21
Q

A structure that was useful to ancestors and is still found in modern organisms, but has NO use(ex: human tailbone), is called…

A

vestigial structure

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22
Q

Humans that were nearly identical to homo sapiens evolved from a side branch were called…

A

Cro-Magnon

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23
Q

Organisms that are able to walk upright on two feet are…

A

bipedal

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24
Q

The first cells were called…

A

protocells

25
Q

Bacteria that can live in very harsh conditions and make energy through chemosynthesis are called…

A

archaebacteria

26
Q

Belief that nonliving materials could be transformed into living organisms

A

spontaneous generation

27
Q

When evolution occurs in short, rapid bursts in response to changes in environment

A

punctuated evolution

28
Q

When evolution occurs very slowly over a long period of time

A

gradualism

29
Q

Percentage of an allele in a population

A

allelic frequency

30
Q

Total number of genes present in a population

A

gene pool

31
Q

The trait that allows humans to grasp things and use tools

A

opposable thumb

32
Q

2 lines of evolution from hominoids; includes humans and African apes

A

hominids

33
Q

Measurement used in radiometric dating; the amount of time it takes for half of the material to decay

A

half-life

34
Q

Humans belong to this group of terrestrial mammals with many shared features including opposable thumbs

A

primates

35
Q

Which group of primates that are nocturnal and small in size (ex: ring-tailed lemurs)?

A

prosimians

36
Q

Which group of primates do humans belong to?

A

anthropoids

37
Q

Which kingdom is filled with Earth’s decomposers (ex: molds)?

A

fungi

38
Q

Which kingdom do we belong to?

A

animalia

39
Q

Which kingdom includes every type of bacteria EXCEPT for archaebacteria?

A

eubacteria

40
Q

Organisms in the archaebacteria kingdom are…

A

prokaryotic

41
Q

Organisms in the protist kingdom…

A

can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic

42
Q

If an organism is sessile(like plants or fungi) then it…

A

is stationary

43
Q

If an organism is mobile(such as animals or bacteria), then it…

A

can move under its own power

44
Q

Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation using flies and meat?

A

Francesco Redi

45
Q

Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms using broth?

A

Louis Pasteur

46
Q

Which scientist(s) performaned an experiment to support Oparin’s theory of biogenesis?

A

Urey & Miller

47
Q

The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship is called…

A

endosymbiosis

48
Q

If an organism displays NO symmetry, that is…

A

asymmetry

49
Q

If an organism can be divided along any plane on a central axis, that is…

A

radial symmetry

50
Q

If an organism can be divided into 2 halves, that is…

A

bilateral symmetry

51
Q

The branch of science dedicated to organizing and naming organisms is called…

A

taxonomy

52
Q

The process of organizing and naming living things according to similar characteristics is…

A

classification

53
Q

Which of these are used in binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus and Species

54
Q

What is the name of the most specific classification level?

A

Species

55
Q

If an organism makes its own food, it is…

A

autotrophic

56
Q

If an organism gets its food by consuming other organisms, it is…

A

heterotrophic

57
Q

Dinosaurs roamed the earth during which era?

A

Mesozoic

58
Q

True or False: If two organisms are in the same genus, they are also in the same family.

A

TRUE

59
Q

True or False: If two organisms are in the same order, they are in the same species.

A

FALSE

Martlock Biology (7 decks)

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