Unit 3 - Biochemistry Flashcards
The solvent is…
what another substance is dissolved in
The solute is…
what is being dissolved
The tendency of water molecules to stick to OTHER things is called…
adhesion
The tendency of water molecules to stick to EACH OTHER is called…
cohesion
What is the chemical formula of water?
H2O
When a molecule has a positively-charged end and a negatively-charged end, it is…
polar
Where are electrons found in an atom?
the electron cloud
Protons and neutrons are found where in an atom?
the nucleus
A substance that cannot be broken down into any smaller substances is called a(n)…
element
If one or more substance(s) have been completely dissolved in another, then you have a…
solution
If you can easily separate the parts of a mixture and they have retained (kept) their original properties, then you are looking at a…
mixture
Water is one of the only naturally-neutral substances. That means its pH is…
equal to 7
Substances that have a pH of greater than 7 are…
basic
If a substance has a pH of less than 7, it is…
acidic
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose & Oxygen
Where in the cell does GLYCOLYSIS occur as part of cell respiration?
cytoplasm
What pigment absorbs sunlight within the chloroplast?
chlorophyll
What is the ultimate source of energy?
the sun
What are 3 things that will affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Intensity of sunlight, availability of water, temperature
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
In which organelle does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria
Which type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, produces more energy?
aerobic respiration
In which organisms does cellular respiration occur?
All organisms
In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?
Plants
Which two molecules are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose & Oxygen
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Sunlight & Water & Carbon Dioxide
Which energy molecule (ATP or ADP) has more energy?
ATP
When ATP removes a phosphate by breaking a bond, what new molecule is formed? (This is our ‘rechargeable battery’ molecule!)
ADP
How is energy released from ATP?
Bonds between the phosphates are broken
How do we store energy in a molecule of ATP?
Add a phosphate to a molecule of ADP
Which process is used to produce ATP when oxygen IS present?
aerobic respiration
What is another name for the process of anaerobic respiration?
fermentation
Which process produces ATP without oxygen present?
anaerobic respiration
To figure out how an atom will interact with other atoms, we look at the…
valence electrons
The smallest part of a compound is called a(n)…
molecule
In a chemical equation, the thing that is being produced is called a…
product
In a chemical equation, the things that are doing the reacting are called the…
reactants
True or False: Chemical reactions must always be balanced, because we never create nor destroy atoms.
TRUE
Which type of bonding involves atoms GIVING & TAKING electrons?
ionic bonding
If an atom has a different number of NEUTRONS than it should(and its atomic mass is different than usual), it is called…
an isotope
Which type of bonding involves atoms SHARING electrons?
covalent bonding
To find the atomic MASS, which two particles do you add together?
protons + neutrons
If an atom has a different number of ELECTRONS than it “should” have based on its position in the periodic table, it is called an…
ion
To find the atomic NUMBER, you count which particle?
protons
Neutrons have what kind of charge?
neutral
Protons have what kind of charge?
positive
Electrons have what kind of charge?
negative
The smallest part of an element is called a(n)…
atom
How many sugars are in a disaccharide?
2
How many sugars are in a monosaccharide?
1
Peptide bonds hold together which type of monomer to build proteins?
amino acids
True or False: Lipids can be saturated OR unsaturated.
TRUE
In an enzyme, which part is the “key”, or the part that binds to the enzyme to let it do its job?
substrate
In an enzyme, which part is the “lock”, or the site where the enzyme needs something to bind in order to do its job?
active site
RNA & DNA are made up of which macromolecule?
nucleic acids
The specialized proteins that act as “lock and key” mechanisms to control the speed of reactions are called…
enzymes
Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?
insoluble
True or False: Water is formed during the process of hydrolysis.
FALSE
Which reaction is used to BREAK carbon molecules?
hydrolysis
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Nitrogen base & ribose sugar & phosphate group
Nucleotides are the monomers of…
nucleic acids
Fatty acids are part of what makes up…
lipids
Amino acids are the building blocks of…
proteins
Saccharides are the building blocks of…
carbohydrates
What are the three uses for lipids?
Insulation, energy storage, protective coatings (like membranes)
Which reaction is used to MAKE carbon molecules?
condensation
True or False: Macromolecules such as proteins can contain hundreds or thousands of carbon atoms.
TRUE
Molecules bonded together to form chains are…
polymers
Does Carbon form covalent or ionic bonds?
covalent
Carbon has how many valence electrons?
4
