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Martlock Biology > Unit 3 - Biochemistry > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The solvent is…

A

what another substance is dissolved in

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2
Q

The solute is…

A

what is being dissolved

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3
Q

The tendency of water molecules to stick to OTHER things is called…

A

adhesion

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4
Q

The tendency of water molecules to stick to EACH OTHER is called…

A

cohesion

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5
Q

What is the chemical formula of water?

A

H2O

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6
Q

When a molecule has a positively-charged end and a negatively-charged end, it is…

A

polar

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7
Q

Where are electrons found in an atom?

A

the electron cloud

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8
Q

Protons and neutrons are found where in an atom?

A

the nucleus

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9
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down into any smaller substances is called a(n)…

A

element

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10
Q

If one or more substance(s) have been completely dissolved in another, then you have a…

A

solution

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11
Q

If you can easily separate the parts of a mixture and they have retained (kept) their original properties, then you are looking at a…

A

mixture

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12
Q

Water is one of the only naturally-neutral substances. That means its pH is…

A

equal to 7

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13
Q

Substances that have a pH of greater than 7 are…

A

basic

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14
Q

If a substance has a pH of less than 7, it is…

A

acidic

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15
Q

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

A

Glucose & Oxygen

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16
Q

Where in the cell does GLYCOLYSIS occur as part of cell respiration?

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

What pigment absorbs sunlight within the chloroplast?

A

chlorophyll

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18
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy?

A

the sun

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19
Q

What are 3 things that will affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Intensity of sunlight, availability of water, temperature

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20
Q

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplast

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21
Q

In which organelle does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

Which type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, produces more energy?

A

aerobic respiration

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23
Q

In which organisms does cellular respiration occur?

A

All organisms

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24
Q

In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?

A

Plants

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25
Q

Which two molecules are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Glucose & Oxygen

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26
Q

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A

Sunlight & Water & Carbon Dioxide

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27
Q

Which energy molecule (ATP or ADP) has more energy?

A

ATP

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28
Q

When ATP removes a phosphate by breaking a bond, what new molecule is formed? (This is our ‘rechargeable battery’ molecule!)

A

ADP

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29
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

Bonds between the phosphates are broken

30
Q

How do we store energy in a molecule of ATP?

A

Add a phosphate to a molecule of ADP

31
Q

Which process is used to produce ATP when oxygen IS present?

A

aerobic respiration

32
Q

What is another name for the process of anaerobic respiration?

A

fermentation

33
Q

Which process produces ATP without oxygen present?

A

anaerobic respiration

34
Q

To figure out how an atom will interact with other atoms, we look at the…

A

valence electrons

35
Q

The smallest part of a compound is called a(n)…

A

molecule

36
Q

In a chemical equation, the thing that is being produced is called a…

A

product

37
Q

In a chemical equation, the things that are doing the reacting are called the…

A

reactants

38
Q

True or False: Chemical reactions must always be balanced, because we never create nor destroy atoms.

A

TRUE

39
Q

Which type of bonding involves atoms GIVING & TAKING electrons?

A

ionic bonding

40
Q

If an atom has a different number of NEUTRONS than it should(and its atomic mass is different than usual), it is called…

A

an isotope

41
Q

Which type of bonding involves atoms SHARING electrons?

A

covalent bonding

42
Q

To find the atomic MASS, which two particles do you add together?

A

protons + neutrons

43
Q

If an atom has a different number of ELECTRONS than it “should” have based on its position in the periodic table, it is called an…

A

ion

44
Q

To find the atomic NUMBER, you count which particle?

A

protons

45
Q

Neutrons have what kind of charge?

A

neutral

46
Q

Protons have what kind of charge?

A

positive

47
Q

Electrons have what kind of charge?

A

negative

48
Q

The smallest part of an element is called a(n)…

A

atom

49
Q

How many sugars are in a disaccharide?

A

2

50
Q

How many sugars are in a monosaccharide?

A

1

51
Q

Peptide bonds hold together which type of monomer to build proteins?

A

amino acids

52
Q

True or False: Lipids can be saturated OR unsaturated.

A

TRUE

53
Q

In an enzyme, which part is the “key”, or the part that binds to the enzyme to let it do its job?

A

substrate

54
Q

In an enzyme, which part is the “lock”, or the site where the enzyme needs something to bind in order to do its job?

A

active site

55
Q

RNA & DNA are made up of which macromolecule?

A

nucleic acids

56
Q

The specialized proteins that act as “lock and key” mechanisms to control the speed of reactions are called…

A

enzymes

57
Q

Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?

A

insoluble

58
Q

True or False: Water is formed during the process of hydrolysis.

A

FALSE

59
Q

Which reaction is used to BREAK carbon molecules?

A

hydrolysis

60
Q

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

Nitrogen base & ribose sugar & phosphate group

61
Q

Nucleotides are the monomers of…

A

nucleic acids

62
Q

Fatty acids are part of what makes up…

A

lipids

63
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of…

A

proteins

64
Q

Saccharides are the building blocks of…

A

carbohydrates

65
Q

What are the three uses for lipids?

A

Insulation, energy storage, protective coatings (like membranes)

66
Q

Which reaction is used to MAKE carbon molecules?

A

condensation

67
Q

True or False: Macromolecules such as proteins can contain hundreds or thousands of carbon atoms.

A

TRUE

68
Q

Molecules bonded together to form chains are…

A

polymers

69
Q

Does Carbon form covalent or ionic bonds?

A

covalent

70
Q

Carbon has how many valence electrons?

A

4

Martlock Biology (7 decks)

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