Unit 4 - Single-Celled Organisms Flashcards
A virus requires the use of what to replicate?
a host cell
True or False: A protist can be either unicellular or multicellular.
TRUE
True or False: All protists are autotrophs.
FALSE
Amoebas feed through the use of what?
Pseudopodia
True or False: Amoebas do not have cell walls.
TRUE
What is the purpose of a contractile vacuole in an amoeba?
Pump out water
Single celled organisms will usually reproduce through which method?
asexual reproduction
Paramecium move by using which of these?
cilia
Fungus-like protists do which of the following jobs in an ecosystem?
Decomposition
Are viruses living?
No
A virus that infects a bacteria cell is called…
a bacteriophage
The capsid, or outer coat, of a virus is made of…
Proteins
Name the shapes that a virus can take
Helical, polyhedral, envelope, combined
What does a virus do once it attaches to the host cell’s cell membrane?
Injects its DNA
True or False: Viruses are species specific
TRUE
A virus hijacks a host cell and forces it to make new viruses before the host cell bursts. The virus is in which cycle?
Lytic
In which cycle is the virus’s DNA integrated into the host cell’s?
Lysogenic
True or False: Viruses can be cured.
FALSE
Which part of the body’s immune system marks viruses for destruction?
Antibodies
All bacteria cells are living and…
Prokaryotic
True or False: Bacteria have a cell wall.
TRUE
When a bacteria cell copies its DNA and makes an identical copy of itself, this is called…
Binary Fission
A bacteria cell exchanges DNA with another bacteria cell before they reproduce, this is…
Conjugation
Which cyle are bacteria a major part of?
Nitrogen Cycle
What are some of the functions of bacteria?
decomposition, making food/medicine
Bacterial diseases are treated with the use of…
antibiotics
Penicillian works by interfering with the bacteria’s ability to form…
a cell wall
A disease producing agent is called a…
pathogen
A disease that is constantly present in the population is called a(n)…
endemic disease
Which type of immunity is usually passed to offspring from the mother?
Passive Immunity
Which type of immunity is a result of encountering a pathogen and your own body builds its antibodies?
Acquired Immunity
What is the job of the interleukins?
Call for help
When viruses reproduce, they have a high chance of doing something to let them ‘escape’ antibodies. What do they do?
Mutate
How can germs enter your body?
eyes, mouth, open wounds, nose
Bacteria cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. This means they are which: eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
prokaryotic
True or False: Viruses mutate rapidly.
TRUE
What is the job of natural killer cells?
Kill all cells in an infected area
What do macrophage cells do?
Clean up debris
In your immune system, antibodies are produced by what type of cell?
B Cells
True or False: Protists are only unicellular.
FALSE
Protists can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. What does HETEROTROPHIC mean?
Gets food from other sources
Protists can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. What does AUTOTROPHIC mean?
Makes own food
Do amoebas have a set shape?
No; they are shapeless
Paramecium and amoebas use a contractile vacuole to pump out excess…
water
When bacteria reproduce without exchanging DNA with another bacteria cell, this is which kind of reproduction?
Binary Fission
When bacteria reproduce and they DO exchange DNA with another bacteria cell, this is…
Conjugation
Why are viruses considered non-living?
Cannot reproduce on their own, cannot perform respiration, and cannot grow or develop new structures
A virus that targets and infects bacteria is called what?
bacteriophage
The outer coat of a virus, made of proteins, is called what?
capsid
A virus’ genetic material is stored in which part?
inner core
Some viruses have an extra layer outside of the capsid. What is the name of this outer layer?
envelope
Viruses that have a combined shape have a tail and tail fibers. What do the tail fibers do?
Connect virus to host cell
If a virus resembles small crystals, it is what shape?
polyhedral
If a virus has an extra layer outside of the capsid that has small spikes on it, what shape is it?
envelope with projections
A virus that is long and narrow is called what shape?
helical
A virus that has a polyhedral head, a narrow tail, and tail fibers, is what shape?
combined
True or False: All viruses can infect all species.
FALSE
Which is faster: The lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle?
lytic
A virus’ genetic material is integrated with the host cell’s before making more viruses later. This is which cycle?
lysogenic
Viruses can be treated or prevented with the use of…
vaccines
Why do scientists have to develop a new vaccine for the flu every year?
viruses mutate quickly and old vaccines don’t work
Which type of cell will carry pieces of the virus to the T and B cells?
dendritic cells
Which type of cell remembers the virus for the rest of your life and provides you with immunity?
memory cells
True or False: Bacteria are always unicellular.
TRUE
Bacterial DNA is held in circular chromosomes within the cell. What are these chromosomes called?
plasmids
Antibiotics are capable of treating diseases caused by what kind of pathogen?
bacteria
A virus, bacteria, or other disease-causing agent is called a…
pathogen
What is the name of the theory that states specific diseases are caused by specific pathogens?
germ theory
If a disease like the common cold is constantly in the population, it is what kind of disease?
endemic disease
When many people have the same disease at the same time in the SAME AREA, it is called which: Pandemic or Epidemic?
epidemic
When many people have the same disease at the same time in the many different regions/countries, it is a…
pandemic
Which type of immunity is passed from mother to child: Passive or Acquired?
Passive Immunity
Which type of immunity is gained from exposure to pathogens and diseases during your lifetime: Passive or Acquired?
acquired Immunity
A dendritic cell brings pieces of a virus to this cell, which will go to the site of infection and kill ONLY the infected cells.
T cells
