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Martlock Biology > Unit 4 - Single-Celled Organisms > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Single-Celled Organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A virus requires the use of what to replicate?

A

a host cell

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2
Q

True or False: A protist can be either unicellular or multicellular.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

True or False: All protists are autotrophs.

A

FALSE

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4
Q

Amoebas feed through the use of what?

A

Pseudopodia

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5
Q

True or False: Amoebas do not have cell walls.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a contractile vacuole in an amoeba?

A

Pump out water

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7
Q

Single celled organisms will usually reproduce through which method?

A

asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Paramecium move by using which of these?

A

cilia

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9
Q

Fungus-like protists do which of the following jobs in an ecosystem?

A

Decomposition

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10
Q

Are viruses living?

A

No

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11
Q

A virus that infects a bacteria cell is called…

A

a bacteriophage

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12
Q

The capsid, or outer coat, of a virus is made of…

A

Proteins

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13
Q

Name the shapes that a virus can take

A

Helical, polyhedral, envelope, combined

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14
Q

What does a virus do once it attaches to the host cell’s cell membrane?

A

Injects its DNA

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15
Q

True or False: Viruses are species specific

A

TRUE

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16
Q

A virus hijacks a host cell and forces it to make new viruses before the host cell bursts. The virus is in which cycle?

A

Lytic

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17
Q

In which cycle is the virus’s DNA integrated into the host cell’s?

A

Lysogenic

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18
Q

True or False: Viruses can be cured.

A

FALSE

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19
Q

Which part of the body’s immune system marks viruses for destruction?

A

Antibodies

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20
Q

All bacteria cells are living and…

A

Prokaryotic

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21
Q

True or False: Bacteria have a cell wall.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

When a bacteria cell copies its DNA and makes an identical copy of itself, this is called…

A

Binary Fission

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23
Q

A bacteria cell exchanges DNA with another bacteria cell before they reproduce, this is…

A

Conjugation

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24
Q

Which cyle are bacteria a major part of?

A

Nitrogen Cycle

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25
Q

What are some of the functions of bacteria?

A

decomposition, making food/medicine

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26
Q

Bacterial diseases are treated with the use of…

A

antibiotics

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27
Q

Penicillian works by interfering with the bacteria’s ability to form…

A

a cell wall

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28
Q

A disease producing agent is called a…

A

pathogen

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29
Q

A disease that is constantly present in the population is called a(n)…

A

endemic disease

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30
Q

Which type of immunity is usually passed to offspring from the mother?

A

Passive Immunity

31
Q

Which type of immunity is a result of encountering a pathogen and your own body builds its antibodies?

A

Acquired Immunity

32
Q

What is the job of the interleukins?

A

Call for help

33
Q

When viruses reproduce, they have a high chance of doing something to let them ‘escape’ antibodies. What do they do?

A

Mutate

34
Q

How can germs enter your body?

A

eyes, mouth, open wounds, nose

35
Q

Bacteria cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. This means they are which: eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

36
Q

True or False: Viruses mutate rapidly.

A

TRUE

37
Q

What is the job of natural killer cells?

A

Kill all cells in an infected area

38
Q

What do macrophage cells do?

A

Clean up debris

39
Q

In your immune system, antibodies are produced by what type of cell?

A

B Cells

40
Q

True or False: Protists are only unicellular.

A

FALSE

41
Q

Protists can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. What does HETEROTROPHIC mean?

A

Gets food from other sources

42
Q

Protists can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic. What does AUTOTROPHIC mean?

A

Makes own food

43
Q

Do amoebas have a set shape?

A

No; they are shapeless

44
Q

Paramecium and amoebas use a contractile vacuole to pump out excess…

A

water

45
Q

When bacteria reproduce without exchanging DNA with another bacteria cell, this is which kind of reproduction?

A

Binary Fission

46
Q

When bacteria reproduce and they DO exchange DNA with another bacteria cell, this is…

A

Conjugation

47
Q

Why are viruses considered non-living?

A

Cannot reproduce on their own, cannot perform respiration, and cannot grow or develop new structures

48
Q

A virus that targets and infects bacteria is called what?

A

bacteriophage

49
Q

The outer coat of a virus, made of proteins, is called what?

A

capsid

50
Q

A virus’ genetic material is stored in which part?

A

inner core

51
Q

Some viruses have an extra layer outside of the capsid. What is the name of this outer layer?

A

envelope

52
Q

Viruses that have a combined shape have a tail and tail fibers. What do the tail fibers do?

A

Connect virus to host cell

53
Q

If a virus resembles small crystals, it is what shape?

A

polyhedral

54
Q

If a virus has an extra layer outside of the capsid that has small spikes on it, what shape is it?

A

envelope with projections

55
Q

A virus that is long and narrow is called what shape?

A

helical

56
Q

A virus that has a polyhedral head, a narrow tail, and tail fibers, is what shape?

A

combined

57
Q

True or False: All viruses can infect all species.

A

FALSE

58
Q

Which is faster: The lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle?

A

lytic

59
Q

A virus’ genetic material is integrated with the host cell’s before making more viruses later. This is which cycle?

A

lysogenic

60
Q

Viruses can be treated or prevented with the use of…

A

vaccines

61
Q

Why do scientists have to develop a new vaccine for the flu every year?

A

viruses mutate quickly and old vaccines don’t work

62
Q

Which type of cell will carry pieces of the virus to the T and B cells?

A

dendritic cells

63
Q

Which type of cell remembers the virus for the rest of your life and provides you with immunity?

A

memory cells

64
Q

True or False: Bacteria are always unicellular.

A

TRUE

65
Q

Bacterial DNA is held in circular chromosomes within the cell. What are these chromosomes called?

A

plasmids

66
Q

Antibiotics are capable of treating diseases caused by what kind of pathogen?

A

bacteria

67
Q

A virus, bacteria, or other disease-causing agent is called a…

A

pathogen

68
Q

What is the name of the theory that states specific diseases are caused by specific pathogens?

A

germ theory

69
Q

If a disease like the common cold is constantly in the population, it is what kind of disease?

A

endemic disease

70
Q

When many people have the same disease at the same time in the SAME AREA, it is called which: Pandemic or Epidemic?

A

epidemic

71
Q

When many people have the same disease at the same time in the many different regions/countries, it is a…

A

pandemic

72
Q

Which type of immunity is passed from mother to child: Passive or Acquired?

A

Passive Immunity

73
Q

Which type of immunity is gained from exposure to pathogens and diseases during your lifetime: Passive or Acquired?

A

acquired Immunity

74
Q

A dendritic cell brings pieces of a virus to this cell, which will go to the site of infection and kill ONLY the infected cells.

A

T cells

Martlock Biology (7 decks)

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