Unit 5 - Genetics

Question 1

The creation of a protein from a DNA template.

Answer 1

protein synthesis

Question 2

writing DNA as mRNA

Answer 2

transcription

Question 3

The process of bringing amino acids to the ribosome via tRNA to make the protein

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

The process of making new sex cells

Answer 4

Meiosis

Question 5

the shape of DNA

Answer 5

Double Helix

Question 6

the group to which Adenine and Guanine belong

Answer 6

Purines

Question 7

In order to perform DNA replication, we first need to use this to “unzip” the DNA

Answer 7

DNA helicase (an enzyme)

Question 8

a cell that has half the number of chromosomes that a diploid cell does

Answer 8

haploid

Question 9

When a DNA base is removed during replication

Answer 9

Deletion mutation

Question 10

If a DNA segment is moved from one chromosome to another

Answer 10

translocation mutation

Question 11

The result of a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence

Answer 11

Frame shift

Question 12

Austrian monk, father of genetics

Answer 12

Gregor Mendel

Question 13

Diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

Answer 13

Punnett Square

Question 14

visual representation of a phenotype across generations

Answer 14

Pedigree

Question 15

the trait that is always expressed when it is present

Answer 15

dominant allele

Question 16

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Answer 16

recessive allele

Question 17

Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes.

Answer 17

sex-linked traits

Question 18

traits controlled by a single gene with more than two alleles

Answer 18

multiple allele trait

Question 19

traits controlled by two or more genes, results in wide range of phenotypes

Answer 19

polygenic traits

Question 20

states that there are two factors controlling every trait in an individual

Answer 20

Law of Unit Factors

Question 21

The allele that you “see” is dominant

Answer 21

Rule of Dominance

Question 22

Mendel’s law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete

Answer 22

Law of Segregation

Question 23

the combination of alleles in an organism

Answer 23

Genotype

Question 24

the physical trait produced by the alleles

Answer 24

phenotype

Question 25

project whose goal is to map, sequence, and identify all of the genes in the human genome

Answer 25

human genome project

Question 26

pattern of inheritance where only 1 copy of the dominant allele is required to show the dominant trait.

Answer 26

simple dominant inheritance

Question 27

inheritance where a heterozygous individual’s phenotype is a blend of the dominant and recessive traits

Answer 27

incomplete dominance

Question 28

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 28

mRNA

Question 29

ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome

Answer 29

rRNA

Question 30

transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome; clover shaped

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal

Answer 31

codon

Question 32

A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs

Answer 32

Karyotype