Unit 2 - Cells Flashcards
anaerobic respiration
produces ATP without oxygen
Fermentation
How cells get energy in the absence of oxygen
aerobic respiration
produces ATP when oxygen is present
How is energy stored in ADP?
A bond is made between phosphates which forms the molecule ATP
How is energy released from ATP?
Bonds between the phosphates are broken.
ADP
When ATP removes a phosphate by breaking a bond, what new molecule is formed ?
ATP
Which energy molecule (ATP or ADP) has more energy?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose + Oxygen
In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?
Plants & other producers
In which organisms does cellular respiration occur?
All organisms
Which type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, produces more energy?
aerobic respiration
Where in the cell does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
A process that producers (autotrophs) perform to make food using light.
What factors affect the rate of cellular respiration?
Amounts of glucose and oxygen
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Amounts of water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide
What is the ultimate source of energy?
The sun
What pigment absorbs sunlight within the chloroplast? (It gives plants that green color!)
Chlorophyll
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
organelle
tiny structure that performs a specialized function (or job) in the cell
nucleus
Holds & protects the genetic information of the cell.
ribosome
Where proteins are made
cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall
Provides added structure & support to plant cells. Found outside the cell membrane.
chloroplast
site of photosynthesis. Uses the suns energy to make food energy (glucose)
mitochondria
site of cellular respiration. Uses food energy (glucose) to make useable energy (ATP)
vacuole
Storage area for water and nutrients.
flagellum
long whip-like tail that helps with movement
cilia
many small hairs that helps with movement
pseudopod
extensions of the cytoplasm that are used for movement and feeding
What are 2 organelles plants have that animal cells don’t have?
Cell wall, chloroplasts
What is the structure in animal cells that contains digestive enzymes to break things down?
Lysosomes
Do plant cells have mitochondria, chloroplasts, both or neither?
Both
Do animal cells have mitochondria, chloroplasts, both or neither?
Mitochondria only
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
These 3 statements make up the ____________ _______________. 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory
Prokaryote
cells with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryote
cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
membrane bound organelles
only in eukaryotes; organelles that have their own membrane
