Unit 6: Emotion/Motivation/Stress and Health: Basics

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energises behaviour and directs it towards a goal; influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behaviour

Question 2

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

a desire to perform a behaviour because of promised rewards or threats of punishment

Question 3

Problem with Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

behaviours maintained by extrinsic motivation will not be effectively sustained once the reward is removed; behaviour levels may be lower than before the reward was given

Question 4

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 4

a desire to perform a behaviour for its own sake because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner; has an edge over extrinsic motivation, especially creativity; tends to result in higher achievement

Question 5

Emotions are a mix of…

Answer 5

bodily arousal (physiological component), overt expressions (behavioural component), conscious experience (cognitive component)

Question 6

Feeling

Answer 6

the subjective experience associated with an emotion

Question 7

Mood

Answer 7

an emotional state that is general and extended in time

Question 8

Affect

Answer 8

encompasses feelings and mood and categories of emotion

Question 9

Purpose of Emotion

Answer 9

increase, decrease or regulate arousal; direct perception and attention; influence learning and memory; organise and motivate behaviour; communicate with others

Question 10

“Common Sense” View

Answer 10

logically, it seems that conscious awareness precedes physiological activity

Question 11

Stress

Answer 11

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (known as stressors) that we appraise as threatening and/or challenging

Question 12

Richard Lazarus (1991)

Answer 12

cognitive appraisal approach

Question 13

Primary Appraisal

Answer 13

Lazarus; an initial evaluation of whether an event is 1) irrelevant to you 2) relevant but not threatening 3) stressful

Question 14

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 14

an evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with the stressor

Question 15

Acute Stressors

Answer 15

relatively short in duration with a clear standpoint

Question 16

Chronic Stressors

Answer 16

relatively long in duration with no apparent endpoint