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Geography > Unit 6 Changing places > Flashcards

Unit 6 Changing places Flashcards

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1
Q

Why has farming seen a dramatic decline in level of employment?

A

due to increased level of mechanisation within the industry.

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2
Q

What percentage of the UK land is used for agriculture and what percentage of workers are in the agricultural sector?

A

70% and 1%

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3
Q

Between the years of what what percentage of vital institutions such as corner shops, grocers, high street banks, post offices and pubs were lost from rural settlements in the UK?

A

1995 and 2000
20%

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4
Q

The cumulative loss of vital institutions in rural settlements equates to what?

A

more than 30,000 local economic outlets.

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5
Q

Many rural towns have in recent years suffered from what?

A

A spiral of decline

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6
Q

What are the issues that have a led to a spiral of decline in rural areas?

A
  • fewer jobs due to primary industry employment decline
  • low wages in remaining employment
  • long travel distances to work in urban areas
  • lack of skilled employment as skills workers migrate to urban locations
  • fewer shops and services due to declining population and decline in incomes leading to more job losses in tertiary sectors
  • out-migration by young people creating an ageing population
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7
Q

What is Ludlow’s location and background?

A

Ludlow is located in rural South Shropshire in England. It is an isolated market town, containing many attractive and historic buildings including a Norman castle.

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8
Q

Describe Ludlow’s population

A

It is a population of 10 226 (2011 census), unlike many other rural market towns, Ludlow has seen its population grow from the 2001 census figure of 9528.

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9
Q

What was Ludlow’s rebranding focus?

A

A centre of gastronomy - high quality food

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10
Q

What year did the first food festival in Ludlow run?

A

1995

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11
Q

What is the purpose of Ludlow’s food festival?

A

To help boost the business image of Ludlow and the surrounding area, to promote the areas small food and drink producers and to encourage visitors to explore the fascinating shops restaurants and pubs.

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12
Q

What were 3 key aims of Ludlow’s Slow food movement?

A
  • preserving local food cultures and traditions.
  • protecting biodiversity
  • raising awareness about how our food choices affect the world around us
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13
Q

How the Local to Ludlow campaign help promote Ludlow as a food centre and food and drink produced within 30 miles of the town?

A

By organising:
- the Ludlow local produce market in castle square on the second and fourth Thursday of every month
- promote and support local food and drink producers and shops and businesses that sell or use locally sourced materials in their products or metals
- reduce our environmental impact by selling compostable, jute shopping bags and cutting down on packaging and food miles.

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14
Q

What is the Ludlow farm shop?

A

It is a unique shopping environment where farming, good food and retail come together to create award-winning products.

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15
Q

What are some examples of specialist food outlets in Ludlow? (Agglomeration of economies)

A
  • Mr Underhill’s a Michelin starred restaurant
  • The mousetrap a specialist cheese shop
  • Harp Lane Deli renowned delicatessen selling local produce
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16
Q

What type of people would be attracted to Ludlow?

A

More affluent wealthy people who have high levels of disposable income so they can afford to spend more money on high quality food.

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17
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of second home ownership in 2001?

A

1.7%

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18
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of second home ownership in 2008?

A

2.1% - increase because Ludlow is an attractive area with leisure and recreation activities.

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19
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of people aged over 60 in 2001?

A

29%

20
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of people aged over 60 in 2011?

A

33% - increase in retirement age as Ludlow is an attractive town to retire in

21
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of people in management and professional occupations in 2001?

A

42%

22
Q

In Ludlow what is the percentage of people in management and professional occupations in 2011?

A

67% - able to work online and home more now especially after COVID

23
Q

What is the chamber of commerce organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

Its an external agency and in 1995 it came up with the idea for the food festival.

24
Q

What is the Ludlow food festival organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

It is a local group which gives Ludlow a gastronomic reputation, attracts people and promotes area and local businesses.

25
Q

What is the ‘cittaslow food’ organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

Its an external agency which promotes Ludlow - handed award to Ludlow - first town to get it.

26
Q

What is the local to Ludlow organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

It is a local group which organises market twice a month - sell products - 30 mile radius - promotes sustainability.

27
Q

What is the Ludlow farm shop organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

It is a local group which embraces ideology of slow movement - got its own farm.

28
Q

What is the specialist food establishments organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

Reinforces Ludlow’s reputation as a centre for gastromtry. - Michelin and cheese factory.

29
Q

What is the national newspapers organisation and what’s it’s role in re-branding?

A

Its an external agency such as the times and telegraph which promotes Ludlow’s reputation nationally.

30
Q

What’s an example of a pocket of deprivation in Ludlow?

A

The Sandpits Estate, built to the north of the town centre between the 1930s and 1970s, is an area of social housing that falls into the bottom 40% of deprived areas in the country. Most of the socially rented homes in Ludlow are found in this area. Unemployment is also high within the Sandpits Estate ( most deprived in Shropshire) at 8.7% compared to regional average of just 4.6%.

31
Q

Has the rebranding of the town helped the residents of Sandpits?

A

Not hugely because many of the jobs created by the rebranding require certain high skills - intelligence/well educated- which the residents of sandpits don’t have.

32
Q

What are the successes of Ludlow’s rebranding?

A
  • the economy has grown in economic growth in growth
  • its created new high-skilled jobs
  • population has grown, more affluent, professional people move in who have more disposable income.
33
Q

What are the failures of Ludlow’s rebranding?

A
  • hasn’t created a lot of employment for low-income jobs in areas such as sandpits estate.
34
Q

What’s the job loss in the China clay industry?

A

It used to employ 4,000 people but now its dropped to only 2,000

35
Q

What’s the location and background of the Eden project?

A

Its located on the site of a derelict China clay mine 3 miles north east of St. Austell, the Eden project is now the single most visited tourist attraction in Cornwall.

36
Q

What does the Eden project consist of?

A

Two large geodesic ‘bio-domes’ that create artificial climates - the bigger of the two is home to the largest indoor rainforest in the world. It also has a variety of seasonal events throughout the year.

37
Q

How much did the Eden project cost to build and what was its funding?

A

It cost over £100 million to build and was funded by lottery funding - the millennium commission contributed £56 million, the EU Regional development fun gave £26 million and the southwest regional development agency (government funding) gave £24 million.

38
Q

Since the Eden project opened in 2001 has much money has it generated for the regional economy?

A

£2 billion

39
Q

Why was so much public money put into this project?

A
  • to raise awareness of our planets fragile ecosystem
  • was a quarry for China clay - this project makes it more attractive - transform it into lush and fertile terrain where things could grow and it will/has brought massive economic and social changes to the region.
40
Q

How many people have visited the Eden project?

A

More than 22 million people - 1.2 million visitors were welcomed to the first opening year of 2001

41
Q

What key events does the Eden project hold?

A

> Eden sessions launches - august 2002 - one day music festivals - oasis, Amy winehouse, Elton john.

> The core open - September 2005 - the core the sustainable education centre is officially opened by her majesty the queen. Each year the centre welcomes over 50,000 school children who learn about sustainability.

> The big launches - July 2009 - a community event to bring people together and encourage them to actively engage with one another and the places where they live. Aiming to establish community projects and community links.

> the Eden degree launches - September 2015 - we launched unique courses run by Cornwall College and accredited by Plymouth University to bring a hands-on, practical approach to learning. Courses include horticulture and plant science, garden and landscape design.

> drilling begins for Eden geothermal - a ground breaking journey 4,500m into the granite beneath the Eden project begins as we start to drill our first geothermal well - marking a step towards our goal of green energy heating Eden’s Biomes, offices and greenhouses and contributing to the UK’s 2050 net zero carbon goal.

42
Q

What are the positive environmental impacts of the Eden project?

A

> 2,500 local suppliers used for catering. 87% of produce comes from the south west and 82% come Cornwall.
As an educational centre the Eden project educates the population and future generations about sustainability
Constructed on a 160 year old exhausted China clay quarry - use of a brownfield site

43
Q

What are the positive economic impacts of the Eden project?

A

> Local multiplier effect: 80% of local businesses say that have benefited from the Eden project
Each visitor spends on average £150 in Cornwall

44
Q

What are the positive social impacts of the Eden project?

A

> 750,000 visitors a year on average
over 9 million people get involved in the big lunch each year
Reduced Cornwall’s unemployment rate by 6%
the big lunch now takes place in over 70 countries worldwide and aims to bring communities together
the Eden project employs around 400 full time staff

45
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of the Eden project?

A

> increased congestion as many of the roads - A390 - are single carriageway and are not designed to deal with large volumes of traffic - polluting the atmosphere.
increased pollution as many make the journey to Cornwall by car

46
Q

What are the negative social impacts of the Eden project?

A

> increased congestion as many of the roads - A390 - are single carriageway and are not designed to deal with large volumes of traffic which results in longer commuting time for locals
many of the jobs created are low wage and seasonal

47
Q

What are the negative economic impacts of the Eden project?

A

> many of the jobs created are low wage and seasonal

Geography (13 decks)

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