Unit 1: Global Governance of the Earths Oceans Flashcards
Define ocean
An ocean is interconnected mass of saltwater covering 71% of the surface of the earth where boundaries are established by continental land masses, or the equator and ridges in the ocean floor.
Define sea
A sea is usually smaller than an ocean (a division of ocean) and is a body of salt water that is; surrounded on all or most sides (partially enclosed) by land/or part of one of the oceans.
Define bay
A bay is a water body enclosed on almost 3 sides by land, with a wide mouth that opens into the ocean.
Define gulf
A gulf is the technical name for a very large bay. Gulf of Mexico and the Persian gulf.
What was the British empire?
During the 1700’s to early 1900’s the UK ruled over nearly 25% of the worlds land surface, known as the British empire. This global dominance was achieved by Britain’s strong naval powers and use of military force to subjugate other countries. During the empire the oceans were very important for establishing trade rounds around the world and control of strategic trade routes and ports to maintain dominance of regions. Britain was a maritime superpower.
Describe the cultural impacts of Britain’s Past Maritime Power
Global colonial powers created an early form of globalisation as connectivity between countries was established. For Britain, the legacy of this early globalisation still exits today in what is known as the Commonwealth which is an intergovernmental organisation of 52- member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.
What is global governance?
The term governance implies directing and steering decisions rather than direct control. Global governance of oceans relates to laws, code and regulations that apply at international level.
Why do the oceans need to be governed?
- control of pollution so ocean isn’t used as a dumping ground
- minimise conflict
- protection of biodiversity and ecosystem
- regulate movement of ships for trade
- rules regarding sea-floor cables
Whats the United Nations (UN)?
It was founded in 1945, the UN was the first supranational institution. Today it has 193-member states who support and maintain worldwide peace and security and act to develop relations among nations. They foster cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social, cultural or humanitarian international problems. Largest and most important
What is the European Union (EU)?
Founded in 1933 - 27 member countries. Its purpose is to promote greater social, political and economic harmony among the nations of Europe.
What is G7?
It used to be G8 with Russia
Was founded inn1975 - 7 member countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, USA, UK, Japan) This group of countries with the largest and most advanced economies of the world meet annually to discuss economic, security and energy policies.
What is G20?
Was founded in 1999 - 19 member countries plus the EU representing 85% of global economic output. This group meet annually to discuss ways to strengthen the global economy, improve financial regulation and implement key economic reforms in each member economy.
What is G77?
Founded in 1964 - 77 member countries from developing nations. Allows the members of this group to promote their collective economic interests on a global scale.
What is NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)?
Founded in 1949 - 31 member countries. This is a formal alliance between the territories of North America and Europe. Its purpose is to guarantee the freedom and security of its members through political and military means.
What is the difference between a law and an agreement?
A law is a legally binding contract or set of rules which countries must abide to. There may be penalties imposed if this is not abided to. Whereas an Agreement is a negotiated arrangement between parties as to a course of action. This may or may not be legally binding.
