Migration Unit 1

Question 1

What is migration?

Answer 1

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

Question 2

How does migration vary spatially and temporally?

Answer 2

> It can be over short distances or long distances
It can be long term or short term

Question 3

Why do people migrate?

Answer 3

Push and Pull factors

Question 4

In the Lee’s General Migration Model (1996) what factors are there at the origin (where someone lives)?

Answer 4

There will be a variety of positive, negative and neutral factors

Question 5

In the Lee’s General Migration Model (1996) what factors are there at the destination (in the location that someone wishes to move)?

Answer 5

There will be a variety of positive, negative and neutral factors

Question 6

What happens when the positive pull factors from the destination are strong and/or the negative push factors from the origin strong?

Answer 6

A desire to migrate will generated

Question 7

If there is a strong desire to migrate, whether or not they do will be determined by what?

Answer 7

Whether they can overcome the intervening obstacles that are in the way of them migrating.

Question 8

What are some examples of intervening obstacles?

Answer 8

Language, travel costs, family pressures, mis-information, military service, illiteracy, bureaucracy, lack of capital, religion, political differences. national policy and immediate job opportunities.

Question 9

What is voluntary migration?

Answer 9

It is when someone moves due to their own decisions and free will.

Question 10

What is forced migration?

Answer 10

It is when someone has to move through no fault of their own. Forced migrants are often referred to as refugees. The negative consequences of not moving are really severe.

Question 11

What are some reasons why voluntary migration would happen?

Answer 11

> unhappy with where they live
move to live with/near family and friends
job opportunities
education prospects - uni
lifestyle - quality of life

Question 12

What are some reasons why forced migration would happen?

Answer 12

> Persecution - race, religion, sexuality, political opinions
Natural hazards/disasters
War and conflict
Dictator governments - political

Question 13

What is temporary migration?

Answer 13

It is a movement which has a time limit.

Question 14

What is permanent migration?

Answer 14

It is when someone moves and has no plans to return to their original home.

Question 15

What are some examples/reasons of temporary migration?

Answer 15

> education - uni
travelling/holidays/leisure
family reasons/issues
seasonal employment/contracts

Question 16

What are some examples/reasons of permanent migration?

Answer 16

> forced out/conflict - no desire to return as if they do there will be consequences - no improvement since left
quality of life
retirement to a location
employment - permanent job
persecution

Question 17

What is national (internal) migration?

Answer 17

This is the movement of a person within the borders of a nation/country

Question 18

What is international (global) migration?

Answer 18

This is the movement of a person across the borders between nations/countries

Question 19

What is emigration?

Answer 19

When someone leaves a country

Question 20

What is immigration?

Answer 20

When someone enters a country

Question 21

What is the migration balance?

Answer 21

The difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants

Question 22

How has international (global) migration increased from 2000 to 2015?

Answer 22

The number of international migrants worldwide has grown rapidly from 173 million in 2000 to 222 million in 2010 and to 244 million in 2015.

Question 23

What is causing the numbers of international migrants to increase?

Answer 23

> travel technology increasing - transport systems + increased accessibility
growth of communication infrastructure/technology - easier to find job opportunities and routes
increased population - more people available to move
more extreme weather events - more forced migrants
more conflict - more forced migrants
globalisation - countries are more connected than ever before

Question 24

What are the top countries for immigration from 2005 to 2010 and their source countries?

Answer 24

> USA - Mexico
UAE - Bangladesh, Pakistan
Spain - Morocco
UK - India, Pakistan
Italy - USA, Philippines

Question 25

What are the top countries for emigration from 2005 to 2010 and their destination countries?

Answer 25

> India - USA, UK, U AE
Bangladesh - UK, UAE, USA
Pakistan - UK, UAE, USA
China - USA, UK, Japan
Indonesia - UAE, Malaysia

Question 26

What is a positive migration balance?

Answer 26

Immigration>Emigration

Question 27

What is a negative migration balance?

Answer 27

Emigration>Immigration

Question 28

Why are India and China popular source countries?

Answer 28

They have large populations

Question 29

What are remittances?

Answer 29

They are money transfers made by people living and working in one country to family members or friends in another country. The money will be worth more due to exchange rates - rich country to poor country

Question 30

What is globalisation?

Answer 30

It is the process of increasing interconnectivity and interdependence among countries and economies of the world.
It is bringing the world closer through better world-wide communication, transport and trade links.

Question 31

How has globalisation drastically reduced the cost of communication and travel in recent decades?

Answer 31

From cheaper air travel and high-speed rail to the rapid growth of the internet and mobile phones?

Question 32

What are some ways that Globalisation has changed the world (creating a borderless world)?

Answer 32

> increasing numbers of people are now able to move in search of a new home, job or to escape danger in their country.
money is being moved globally through electronic transfer systems
developing countries are becoming a more common place for international investment due to the huge potential for growth
the lowering of trade barriers since the 2nd world war has been a major factor in the growth of world trade
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been responsible for negotiating reductions in tariffs and other barriers to trade.

Question 33

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration -
development of new transport technologies and infrastructure?

Answer 33

> the SS Windrush boat brought the first jamacian migrants to the UK in 1948.
boat travel is still a way of travelling however air travel is also a popular way to migrate.
From 2004 the number of migrants from Eastern European countries to the UK rose rapidly as they were one of three countries along with Ireland and Sweden from the 10 new members who joined the European union who did not impose restrictions on migration - new regional airports were opened.

Question 34

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration - the reduction in the cost of transport?

Answer 34

> Fare prices from Poland to the UK cost as little as £48 with Ryanair which led to a growth in the number of Polish air passengers; The number of Polish air passengers increased by 16.35 million from 2004 to 2013.
Another low-cost airline is EasyJet which has 223 aircrafts connecting people to more than 130 destinations across Europe and North Africa; Its number of passengers increased from 5,600,000 in September 2000 to 68,629,825 in September 2015.

Question 35

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration - the development of phone technology?

Answer 35

. When refugees decide when to leave and where to go is majorly influenced by the detailed information which they have access to through their smart phones as information such as if borders are relaxed or opened can be quickly communicated through social media and communication apps such as WhatsApp.

Question 36

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration - money transfer technology?

Answer 36

Thanks to the technology development people can easily send money very quickly from one person to another(remittances) from an internet connected mobile phone through PayPal, android pay and face book messenger without having to queue up at a bank or a post office to send money. It will be worth much more due to exchange rates

Question 37

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration - the role of the internet in global communications?

Answer 37

The internet can be used for safety by warning people about natural hazards through SMS messaging, real-tie internet/webcams, mobiles and voicemail and digital radio alerts. This can help migrants decide when to migrate or where to migrate to. And it gives them a much better understanding of where they are going to as information and advice can be shared, and it can be live.

Question 38

How is globalisation contributing to increased global migration - the role of the internet in media representations of places?

Answer 38

Due to the development of the internet people can research any place/country and find out a lot of information about them, however due to social media people can see/hear other people’s opinions and thoughts about a place/country which may influence their destination country decision as this will remove any speculation people have of certain place or country.