Unit 6 - Cardiovascular system 5 Flashcards
What monitoring needs to be carried out during hypertension treatment?
Monitoring BP following initiation of treatment using clinic measurements
- measure standing and sitting BP in people with
- type 2 diabetes
OR
- symptoms of postural hypotension
OR
- aged 80 or over
Advise people who want to self-monitor to use HBPM
- provide training and advice
ABPM and HBPM can be used in conjunction with clinic measurements in those who suffer from “white coat” or “masked” hypertension
What is the target blood pressure for patients under 80 years old?
Clinic BP 140/90 mmHg
H/ABP 135/85 mmHg
What is the target blood pressure for patients over 80 years old?
Clinic BP 150/90 mmHg
H/ABP 145/85 mmHg
What are the classes of hypertension during pregnancy?
- chronic/pre-existing hypertension
- gestational hypertension
- pre-eclampsia
- severe pre-eclampsia
Which antihypertensives are contraindicated in pregnancy?
- ACE inhibitors
- ARBs
- thiazide-like diuretics
Which drugs are commonly used to lower blood pressure during pregnancy?
- labetalol
- nifedipine
What is the target blood pressure for hypertension in pregnancy?
135/85 mmHg
What is an atheroma?
Fatty plaque/deposit
What is sclerosis?
is the stiffening of a tissue or anatomical feature
What is the difference between artiosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
Arteriosclerosis is hardening and loss of elasticity WITHOUT the atheroma (plaque build up)
What is the most common cause of occlusive vascular disease leading to stenosis and ultimately ischaemia in distal tissues?
Atherosclerosis
Which vessels typically develop atherosclerosis?
Most often develops in larger and medium sized arteries
How long does it take for atherosclerosis to develop?
Decades
What are the consequences of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries?
Ischaemic heart disease - angina - stable - unstable Myocardial infarction - NSTEMI - STEMI
What are the consequences of atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries and carotid arteries?
Cerebrovascular disease
- stroke
- transient ischaemic attack
- vascular dementia