Unit 6 - Cardiovascular system 2 Flashcards
What is the most common type of CVD?
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
What is the cause of coronary heart disease?
Coronary arteries becoming narrowed by a build up of atheroma
What is angina?
The pain or discomfort felt from narrowed coronary arteries
What is a myocardial infarction?
A heart attack
- caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries
How much more likely is an individual with CHD or who have had an MI to have a stroke?
Twice as likely
What is the leading cause of death worldwide?
Coronary heart disease
What is the proportion of men who die from coronary heart disease?
1 in 7 men
What is the proportion of women who die from coronary heart disease?
1 in 12
How often does someone die from CHD?
Every 8 minutes
What is ACS?
Acute Coronary Syndrome
What causes acute coronary syndrome?
A rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus formation
What is a thrombus caused by in an acute coronary syndrome?
Platelet aggregation under high stress
What is the immediate treatment for acute coronary syndrome?
PCI
- percutaneous coronary intervention
CABG
- coronary artery bypass graft
What is the secondary prevention for acute coronary syndrome?
Antiplatelet therapy
- asprin
- clopidogrel
- ticagrelor
- prasugrel
What is the most common type of stroke?
Ischaemic stroke and TIA
What is the cause of ischaemic stroke?
Usually caused by a blockage where a small blood clot lodges in a vessel narrowed by an atheroma
What is the effect of a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain?
Blocks oxygenation of the affected part of the brain
What is the secondary prevention treatment of an ischaemic stroke or TIA
Antiplatelets
- clopidogrel
- aspirin/dipyridamole
What is peripheral artery disease?
Build-up of fatty deposits (atheroma) in the arteries restricts blood supply to leg muscles
What is intermittent claudication?
Intermittent tiredness of leg due to restricted blood flow
What is the secondary prevention of peripheral artery disease?
Antiplatelets
- aspirin
How can arrhythmias be treated?
Treatment to control
- heart rate
- rhythm
to prevent cardiac arrest
What is MAP?
Mean arterial pressure
- time weighted average of blood pressure
