Unit 6: Botony Flashcards
Define Root Hairs
An absorbent hair and a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root.
Cohesion-Tension Mechanism
Water enters Vascular cylinder (of foots) by Osmosis. Water travels up the stem to the leaves. Evaporation.
Functions of Stems (4 TYPES)
- Support leaves + flowers
- Transport materials between roots and leaves
- Produce Food
- Store substances
Define Cuticle
Waxy layer outside epidermis to provide waterproofing.
What are the three stages of cell respirations?
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport.
Where does Double Fertilization happen?
The fusion of two sperm nuclei with the of two cells with a female, gametophyte.
Plant Tissues (5 TYPES)
- Dermal (protection, outside of)
- Vascular (transport water, etc)
- Ground (storage + support)
- Fibrous Root
- Tap Root
Phloem
2 of 2 Type of Transport in a vascular plant to bring sugar down from leaves to roots
Four Reasons why plants are Crucial to our existence.
- Food
- Medicine
- Oxygen
- Wood
Root Functions (4 TYPES)
- Anchoring plant in the soil
- Absorbing minerals from soil
- Transporting minerals
- Storing (extra sugar)
Define Fruit
A protective structure for the seeds that develop from the carpel.
Define Stamen
(Male) Produces pollen that carries sperm to the carpel.
Define Mesophyll
Made of cells that carry on photosynthesis.
Define Guard Cells
Regulate the size of the stomata.
Sporophyte
The asexual and usually diploid phase, that produces spores.
Define Sepal
Protects the internal part of the flower.
What are the two types of plant growth?
The non vascular and vascular.
Nonvascular
Smaller plants without a vascular system
Gametophyte
The produced gamete usually in the haploid phase, producing the zygote is where the sporophyte arises.
Define Seed
A reproductive structure that contains an embryonic plant and stored food, protected by the fruit.
Define Tropism
A plant growth movement such as a tree growing toward the light.
Define Apical Meristem
Primary Growth.
Diploid and Haploid areeeee
Plants
Define Wood
Growth rings of old xylem produced by the cambium.
What are the three types of Tropism?
Phototropism: Growth towards the light.
Gravitropism: Growth caused by gravity.
Hydrotropism: Growth by water.
Define Petal
Attract pollinators.
Xylem
1 of 2 Types of Transport in Vascular Plants to bring water up from the roots to leaves
Define Carpel
(Female) Produces the egg, which will turn to seeds encased in fruit.
Define Auxin
Various hormones or similar substances that promote and regulate the growth and development of plants.
Vascular
Plant tissues that conduct water, sap, and nutrients in flowering plants, ferns, and their relatives.
Define Stomata
Tiny holes in the leaf to allow for gases and water vapor exchange with the outside.
What are the two ways seeds are dispersed?
By the wind and animals.
Define Lateral Meristem
Secondary Growth.
Define Cambium
A special mitotic layer of cells between the xylem and phloem in stems and roots(secondary growth).
Define Veins
Composed of xylem and phloem; carry water and sugar.
