Unit 5: Biochemistry and The Energy of Life Flashcards
Define Catalyst:
A substrate that speeds up a chemical reaction without changing itself.
Define Enzyme:
A biological catalyst, usually a protein, speeding up certain biological reactions.
Substrate (Reactant):
A molecule entering in an enzyme influenced reaction.
Define Enzyme Specificity:
This means that an enzyme is specific for one particular reaction.
Define Enzyme Active Site:
Due to a unique combo of amino acids, a gets a particular shape.
Exergonic:
Those that overall release energy.
Endergonic:
Those which overall require an input of energy.
Define ATP:
It is a high-energy molecule found in every cell made to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
Define Chloroplast and know its Parts:
Chloroplast: The place in a plant cell where photosynthesis happens.
Thylakoids: Traps light energy in disks containing Chlorophyll.
Stroma: internal fluid area of chloroplasts.
Chlorophyll: The green pigment found in the chloroplasts of higher plants and in cells.
What are the components of Photosynthesis:
Water: A reactant or substance.
Carbon Dioxide: A reactant or substance.
Sugar: An end product.
Hydrogen: From water molecules.
Light Energy: Provides energy for photosynthesis:
Chlorophyll: A light trapping molecule.
NADP+: Carries Hydrogen to add to sugar.
Define Aerobic:
Requires oxygen to occur.
Define Anaerobic:
No oxygen needed to occur.
Define Fermentation:
An anaerobic cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds, and ATP is produced.
What effect do enzymes have on activation energy?
Low with a catalyst, high without a catalyst.
Is the formation of ATP endergonic or exergonic?
Endergonic.
Is the breakdown of ATP endergonic or exergonic
Exergonic.
Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic?
Endergonic.
Where do light reactions occur during photosynthesis?
In the thylakoids, light energy sports water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
When does fermentation have been instead of glycolysis?
It occurs when no oxygen allows glycolysis to keep operating.
What are two kinds of fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
What is directly broken down in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis?
Solar energy which is then changed into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.
How is energy stored after breaking down glucose in cell respiration?
In the ATP’s
In what stage does the cell breakdown glucose?
Glycolysis
What are the substrates for photosynthesis?
Its a multi-step process that requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
