Chapter 8 & 9: Classical/Molecular Genetics Flashcards
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Alleles
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Dominate and Recessive
The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive.
Codominance
A condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other.
Polygenic Inheritance
The determination of a particular characteristic, e.g. height or skin color
Huntington’s Disease
Hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.
Klinefelter Disease
A genetic disorder that affects males, it occurs when a boy is born with one or more extra X chromosomes.
Amniocentesis
The sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental abnormalities in a fetus.
Chronic Villus Sampling (CVS)
A test made in early pregnancy to detect congenital abnormalities in the fetus.
Lethal Gene
A gene that is capable of causing the death of another organism.
Male Sex Chromosomes
XY
Female Sex Chromosomes
XX
Nondisjunction
Abnormal distribution of Chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.
Karyotype
The number and visual appearance of the Chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
