Unit 4: Cell Building Block of Life Flashcards
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from a greater concentrate to a lower one.
Osmosis
Movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from lower to higher.
Exocytosis
Process when all contents of a cell vacuole release into the exterior.
Pinocytosis
The ingestion of LIQUID into a cell.
Phagocytosis
The ingestion of BACTERIA or other material.
Plasma Membrane
A membrane of LIPIDS and PROTEINS that form the external boundary of the cytoplasm.
Nucleus
Dense organelle in eukaryotic cells containing the genetic material
Chromosomes
A threadlike structure of nucleic ACIDS and PROTEIN found in the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
The material within a living cell, including the nucleus
Endoplasmjc Reticulum
A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
Ribosomes
The site for protein synthesis within RNA cytoplasmic granules
Golgi Apparatus
A complex of vesicles AND folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
Involved in secretion AND intracellular transport.
Lysosomes
An organelle in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Vacuoles
A space (or vesicle) within the cytoplasm, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid
Mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers where the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
Chloroplasts
(In a green plant cell) a plastid that contains chlorophyll AND where photosynthesis takes place.
Chlorophyll
A green pigment, in all green plants, responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis.
Cilia
Short, miscroscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.
Flagella
A slender, threadlike structure, a whiplike appendage that ENABLES many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa to swim
Cell Walls
Rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane.
Mitosis
A type of cell DIVISION that results in two daughter cells, each having the same number and same kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
Typical for tissue growth
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the END OF mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
Cell Cycle
PROPHASE- 1st stage, when the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and nuclear envelope disappears.
METAPHASE- 2nd stage, when chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers.
ANAPHASE- 3rd stage, when chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the Spindle.
TELOPHASE- 4th stage, when chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell to create TWO nuclei
Fluid Mosiac Model
Model made by Singer and Nicolson, describes the structure of cell membranes
What is the difference between Active and Passive Transport?
Active Transport is assisted by enzymes and requires energy.
Passive Transport can move substances without help or energy.
Basic Principles of Cell Theory (3)
M. Schleiden
T. Schwann
R. Virchow
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All organisms are composed of cells.
- all cells arise from preexisting cells.
How do cells move? (2)
Flagella
Cilia
Why are cells small?
They need to be able to get the nutrients in and the waste out quickly.
