Unit 6 Flashcards
homogeneous
uniform mixture
heterogeneous
non-uniform mixture
whats the two types of HOMOgeneous mixtures
solutions and collodis
what is a usual characteristic of a solution
solutions are usually transparent
whats a observable(visual) characteristic of colloids
cloudy/milky or gel-like
what happens when something dissolves
In a solution, the solute breaks up into individual molecules or ions
The solute particles are all less than 2 nm in diameter.
what happens to a solution when the particles, what does the solution look like
Because the solute particles are so small, they do not scatter light. Solutions are transparent.
colloid
A colloid is a homogeneous mixture with particles that are between 2 nm – 1000 nm in diameter. Because the particle size is comparable to the wavelength of light, colloids scatter light
whats to solvent dispersed phase of butter
gel
what state is shaving cream considered
foam
gas as dispersed phase, liquid as solvent phase
what phase is paint
sol
solid in dispersed and solvent phase
perfume is an example of what phase
liquid aresol
what type of liquid is transparent
SOLUTIONS ARE TRANSPARENT
whats a suspension?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture with particles that are larger than 1000 nm in diameter. Suspensions have been thoroughly mixed are temporarily uniform, but because the particle size is so large, it will eventually settle into two phases.
whats the difference between heterogeneous mixture, colloid and solution
size
solubility
The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount of it that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
For example, the solubility of sodium chloride at 25 °C is 359 g/L. That means you could dissolve up to 359 g of NaCl in 1.0 L water at room temperature.
saturation
If the maximum amount of a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the resulting solution is called a saturated solution. Anything less than the maximum amount dissolved is called an unsaturated solution. Anything more than the maximum amount dissolved is called a supersaturated solution.
describe supersaturation and precipitation
We could dissolve 400 g of sugar in 100 mL of boiling water. When it cools down, it will be supersaturated. Some of the sugar will eventually precipitate out (revert to the solid state).
whats the equation for vapor pressure
Vapor Pressure = Pressure of Gas at Equilibrium
whats happening all the time
what is the speed of a reaction proportional to
The speed of a simple reaction is directly proportional to the concentration (molarity) of the reactant.
whats the equation for the speed of a reaction
k[h20(l)]
what does every variable in the speed of a reaction mean
k = a constant (related to temperature)
[H2O(l)] = molarity of liquid water
[something] = molarity of something
what happens if you add a solute what happens to the liquid from of water
if we add soluter, you descrease the liquid form of what and would in turn
that would slow evaporation but not condensation
vapor pressure would decrease
boiling point would increase
what happens in the evaporation of a liquid
the solution decreased vapor pressure
boiling point
Temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.
If vapor pressure decreases, the boiling point must increase
what happens when you add a solute to a solvent
Salt or ANY solute will lower the freezing point of any solvent. This can melt ice because the air is no longer cold enough to freeze it.
what happens when ice melts
When the ice melts, the solution gets colder because melting is endothermic
what is the freezing point depression
h20(l) H20(s)
at the melting point 0 degrees equilibrium is established and occurs fast.
By adding a solute, [H2O(l)] is decreased.
That decreases the speed of freezing but not melting.
At a lower temperature equilibrium is reestablished.
whats colligative properties
These colligative properties depend only on the amount of solute, not on the type of solute.
- if doing IONIC(metal to nonmetal) compound, what should you do to find all the particles
if doing an ionic compound, write out all elements to find the number of particles
- how can you tell what a particle is by looking at the chemical formula of all nonmetals
if molecule is all non-metals the entire formula is a particle
what happens when you add salt to a solute
lowers freezing point of ANY solvent. Melts ice b/c air not cold enough to freeze it
how do you get a boiling point
temp. when vapor pressure is = to atm
if vapor pressure decreases, boiling point rises
describe every variable in colligative properties
Where ΔT is the change in freezing or boiling point, m is the concentration of the solution in molality, K is a constant for the solvent, and i is the number of particles the solute splits up into when dissolved.
osmosis
Osmosis is the flow of water from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
diffusion
Diffusion is the flow of solute particles from a region of high solute concentration to low solute concentration.
semipermeable membrane
A semipermeable membrane is one that allows the solvent, but not the solute, to diffuse from one side of the membrane to the other
osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure also only depends on the amount of solute, not on the type of solute.
describe every variable in the osmotic pressure equation
Where π is the osmotic pressure, V is the volume in liters, i is ionization factor, n is the moles of solute, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin.
tonicity
when all water leaves, hypertonic
when solute and solvent is equal, isotonic
when all water goes to solute, hyPOtonic
what does the solubilities of solids and gases depend on
solids- higher temp=more soluble
gases- higher tem=LESS soluble
two most important anions in the body
potassium, sodium, chlorine and HCO
