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DTCC Chemistry > Enthalpy/Entropy > Flashcards

Enthalpy/Entropy Flashcards

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1
Q

describe an exothermic reaction in relation to the products and reactants

A

products have less energy than reactants

deltaH<0

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2
Q

entropy does what to energy

A

entropy is a dispersion of energy, and state function.

-atomic freedom

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3
Q

when can you get a non-spontaneous reaction with gibbs?

A

deltaG>0, delta S universe<0= non-spontaneous

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4
Q

0 thermodynamics law

A

if 2 things are same temp, 3rd also same temp

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5
Q

formula for endergonic

A

delta G>0

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6
Q

gibbs free energy equation

A

G=-TS

delta G=delta H-TdeltaS

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7
Q

1 thermo law

A

energy is conserved

E of the universe -0

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8
Q

is enthalpy a state function

A

yes

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9
Q

gibbs free energy formula

A

G=H-TS

g=gibbs
H-enTHalpy
T-temp
S-enTROpy

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10
Q

gibbs free energy

A 
state function (G)
-reaction is exothermic
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11
Q

2nd law thermodynamics

A

ALL process, entropy of uuniverse, increaess. Energy of universe tends to spread. ENERGY SPREADS OUT

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12
Q

how can chem rxn work

A

PV and electrical work. PV is most common

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13
Q

w>0

A

works is done on the system, “physically” put work into it

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14
Q

negative enthalpy is exothermic or endothermic

A

exothermic

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15
Q

every substance has a different specific heat capactity which is caused by/because

A

the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of it to 1C

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16
Q

why is there a change in enthalpy?

A

(mostly) requires breaking down chem bonds in reactants, energy produced is forming chemical bonds in products

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17
Q

3rd thermo law

A

perfect crystal @ abs zero has entropy

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18
Q

describe the relations of entropy

A

high disorder: deltaS >0

low disorder: deltaS<0

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19
Q

what is g the measure of in gibbs free energy

A

measure of energy

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20
Q

isothermal

A

constant temp

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21
Q

what happens to enthalpy when energy is reduced

A

height and constant increases (deltaH>0)

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22
Q

how can order be desribed in natural processess

A

order to disorder

23
Q

when does an endothermic reaction occur

A

when T delta S is large

24
Q

1st law of thermo

A

matter cant be createor destroyed just converted or transfered

25
Q

what does the 2nd law of thermodynamics predict

A

whether chem reaction is spontaneous or notq

26
Q

Entropy

A

measure of disorder in system

27
Q

non-spontaneous reactants

A

enedergonic

28
Q

state function

A

depends ONLY on CURRENT state of system

29
Q

state function

A

property that depends only on the condition (state) of system, not path taken to system

30
Q

what type of reactions are NOT spontaneous

A

ENDOthermic

31
Q

gibbs free energy

A

simplifies carious calulatiosn and comparisons

32
Q

give examples of state functions

A 
energy
volume
temp
number of moles
pressure
33
Q

formula to calculate entropy

define each varaible

A

(sum)nS,products-(sum)mS,reactants= deltaSrxn
practically the sum of the enthalpy of the products minus the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants

rxn- reaction
n and m are stoichiometric coefficients

34
Q

entHalpy equation

A

H=U+PV

35
Q

deltaE>0

A

system gains energy

36
Q

when van you get a spontaneous reaction with gibbs

A

deltaG<0, delta S universe>0= spontaneous reaction

37
Q

describe spontaneous reaction characteristics

A

highly exothermic

-exothermic and endothermic can be spontaneous

38
Q

internal energy equation

A

q=deltaU-W
U-internal energy
W- negative, system does work on surroundings
P- pressure

39
Q

whats the heat equation

A 
q=mc(delta)T
"q=MCAT"
q- heat gained by system
c-specfic heat of substance
m-mass
delta T-change in temp.
40
Q

what happens to enthlalpy when energy is produced

A

height and energy decrease (deltaH<0)

41
Q

what type of reactions are spontaneous

A

Exothermic

42
Q

enthalpy equation

A

H=E+PV

h-enthalpy
E-energy
P-pressure
V-volume

43
Q

q>0

A

system gained heat, surroundings loose heat

44
Q

whats the formular for a system thats subject to change

A

deltaT= t2-t1

this form can also be used for volume

45
Q

work equation

A

w+fxd
f-force
d-distancec

46
Q

why is gibbs free energy a state function

A

all other variables in equation are state functions

47
Q

isobaric

A

constant pressure

48
Q

spontaneous reactants

A

exogonic

49
Q

mnemonic to remember gibbs free energy formula

A

god fish are horrible without tatar sauce

50
Q

energy

A

ability to do work

51
Q

what is enthalpy in an endothermic reaction

A

deltaH>0

52
Q

if the number of moles of a gas increases, what happens to the entropy

A

in # of moles of gas increases during a rxn, the change in entropy is less than zero
(deltaS<0)

53
Q

why is the total energy of the universe contant

A

1st law of thermo

54
Q

formula for exergonic

A

deltaG<0

DTCC Chemistry (13 decks)

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