Enthalpy/Entropy

Question 1

describe an exothermic reaction in relation to the products and reactants

Answer 1

products have less energy than reactants

deltaH<0

Question 2

entropy does what to energy

Answer 2

entropy is a dispersion of energy, and state function.

-atomic freedom

Question 3

when can you get a non-spontaneous reaction with gibbs?

Answer 3

deltaG>0, delta S universe<0= non-spontaneous

Question 4

0 thermodynamics law

Answer 4

if 2 things are same temp, 3rd also same temp

Question 5

formula for endergonic

Answer 5

delta G>0

Question 6

gibbs free energy equation

Answer 6

G=-TS

delta G=delta H-TdeltaS

Question 7

1 thermo law

Answer 7

energy is conserved

E of the universe -0

Question 8

is enthalpy a state function

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

gibbs free energy formula

Answer 9

G=H-TS

g=gibbs
H-enTHalpy
T-temp
S-enTROpy

Question 10

gibbs free energy

Answer 10

state function (G)
-reaction is exothermic

Question 11

2nd law thermodynamics

Answer 11

ALL process, entropy of uuniverse, increaess. Energy of universe tends to spread. ENERGY SPREADS OUT

Question 12

how can chem rxn work

Answer 12

PV and electrical work. PV is most common

Question 13

w>0

Answer 13

works is done on the system, “physically” put work into it

Question 14

negative enthalpy is exothermic or endothermic

Answer 14

exothermic

Question 15

every substance has a different specific heat capactity which is caused by/because

Answer 15

the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of it to 1C

Question 16

why is there a change in enthalpy?

Answer 16

(mostly) requires breaking down chem bonds in reactants, energy produced is forming chemical bonds in products

Question 17

3rd thermo law

Answer 17

perfect crystal @ abs zero has entropy

Question 18

describe the relations of entropy

Answer 18

high disorder: deltaS >0

low disorder: deltaS<0

Question 19

what is g the measure of in gibbs free energy

Answer 19

measure of energy

Question 20

isothermal

Answer 20

constant temp

Question 21

what happens to enthalpy when energy is reduced

Answer 21

height and constant increases (deltaH>0)

Question 22

how can order be desribed in natural processess

Answer 22

order to disorder

Question 23

when does an endothermic reaction occur

Answer 23

when T delta S is large

Question 24

1st law of thermo

Answer 24

matter cant be createor destroyed just converted or transfered

Question 25

what does the 2nd law of thermodynamics predict

Answer 25

whether chem reaction is spontaneous or notq

Question 26

Entropy

Answer 26

measure of disorder in system

Question 27

non-spontaneous reactants

Answer 27

enedergonic

Question 28

state function

Answer 28

depends ONLY on CURRENT state of system

Question 29

state function

Answer 29

property that depends only on the condition (state) of system, not path taken to system

Question 30

what type of reactions are NOT spontaneous

Answer 30

ENDOthermic

Question 31

gibbs free energy

Answer 31

simplifies carious calulatiosn and comparisons

Question 32

give examples of state functions

Answer 32

``` energy volume temp number of moles pressure ```

Question 33

formula to calculate entropy | define each varaible

Answer 33

(sum)nS,products-(sum)mS,reactants= deltaSrxn practically the sum of the enthalpy of the products minus the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants rxn- reaction n and m are stoichiometric coefficients

Question 34

entHalpy equation

Answer 34

H=U+PV

Question 35

deltaE>0

Answer 35

system gains energy

Question 36

when van you get a spontaneous reaction with gibbs

Answer 36

deltaG<0, delta S universe>0= spontaneous reaction

Question 37

describe spontaneous reaction characteristics

Answer 37

highly exothermic | -exothermic and endothermic can be spontaneous

Question 38

internal energy equation

Answer 38

q=deltaU-W U-internal energy W- negative, system does work on surroundings P- pressure

Question 39

whats the heat equation

Answer 39

``` q=mc(delta)T "q=MCAT" q- heat gained by system c-specfic heat of substance m-mass delta T-change in temp. ```

Question 40

what happens to enthlalpy when energy is produced

Answer 40

height and energy decrease (deltaH<0)

Question 41

what type of reactions are spontaneous

Answer 41

Exothermic

Question 42

enthalpy equation

Answer 42

H=E+PV h-enthalpy E-energy P-pressure V-volume

Question 43

q>0

Answer 43

system gained heat, surroundings loose heat

Question 44

whats the formular for a system thats subject to change

Answer 44

deltaT= t2-t1 | this form can also be used for volume

Question 45

work equation

Answer 45

w+fxd f-force d-distancec

Question 46

why is gibbs free energy a state function

Answer 46

all other variables in equation are state functions

Question 47

isobaric

Answer 47

constant pressure

Question 48

spontaneous reactants

Answer 48

exogonic

Question 49

mnemonic to remember gibbs free energy formula

Answer 49

god fish are horrible without tatar sauce

Question 50

energy

Answer 50

ability to do work

Question 51

what is enthalpy in an endothermic reaction

Answer 51

deltaH>0

Question 52

if the number of moles of a gas increases, what happens to the entropy

Answer 52

in # of moles of gas increases during a rxn, the change in entropy is less than zero (deltaS<0)

Question 53

why is the total energy of the universe contant

Answer 53

1st law of thermo

Question 54

formula for exergonic

Answer 54

deltaG<0