Unit 4: Quantifying Reactions Vocab

Question 1

atomic mass unit

Answer 1

An atomic mass unit (symbolized AMU or amu) is defined as precisely 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

Question 2

oxidation

Answer 2

Oxidation is any chemical reaction that involves the moving of electrons. Specifically, it means the side that gives away electrons. When iron reacts with oxygen it forms a chemical called rust. The iron is oxidized and the oxygen is reduced. Oxidation is the opposite of reduction.

Question 3

reduction

Answer 3

Reduction is a chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction. … An example of a reduction is when iron reacts with oxygen, forming a chemical called rust. In that example, the iron is oxidized and the oxygen is reduced.

Question 4

net ionic equation

Answer 4

Net ionic equations are equations that show only the soluble, strong electrolytes reacting (these are represented as ions) and omit the spectator ions, which go through the reaction unchanged.

Question 5

molar mass

Answer 5

the number you get when you covert the atomic mass to moles

Question 6

hydrate

Answer 6

ionic compound that has absorbed water. A certain number of water molecules can co-crystalize with salt

Question 7

excess

Answer 7

The excess reactant is the reactant in a chemical reaction with greater amount than necessary to react completely with the limiting reactant. It is the reactant(s) that remain after a chemical reaction has reached equilibrium.

Question 8

Avogadro’s number

Answer 8

6.022x10^23

Question 9

precipitate

Answer 9

an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution.

Question 10

precipitation reaction

Answer 10

A precipitate is a solid that forms out of solution. A common example is that of the mixing of two clear solutions: (1) silver nitrate (AgNO3) and (2) sodium chloride (NaCl): The reaction is. The precipitate forms because the solid (AgCl) is insoluble in water.

Question 11

spectator ion

Answer 11

A spectator ion is an ion that exists in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction. The ion is unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation and does not affect equilibrium. When writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in the original equation are ignored.

Question 12

empirical

Answer 12

simplifies numbers of the chem. formula

Question 13

corrosion

Answer 13

The chemical deterioration of a material, usually a metal or metal alloy, is called corrosion. The most common causes of corrosion are contact with water and oxygen, though other substances in the earth and in the atmosphere can also cause corrosion. … The corrosion of iron is called rusting.

Question 14

combustion reaction

Answer 14

Combustion is a chemical reaction that produces heat and light. The most common form of combustion is fire. Most forms of combustion happen when the gas oxygen joins with another substance. For example, when wood burns, oxygen in the air joins with carbon in wood.

Question 15

chemical formula

Answer 15

tells exact number of atoms and bonds

Question 16

carbon-12 standard

Answer 16

The carbon-12 (C-12) atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. In imprecise terms, one AMU is the average of the proton rest mass and the neutron rest mass

Question 17

complete ionic equation

Answer 17

An ionic equation is a chemical equation where the electrolytes in aqueous solution are written as dissociated ions.

Question 18

acid-base reaction

Answer 18

When an acid and a base are placed together, they react to neutralize the acid and base properties, producing a salt. The H(+) cation of the acid combines with the OH(-) anion of the base to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt.