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Organ histology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of the kidney

A

Excretion of nitrogenous waste, water, electorlytes
regulate water
Secrete renin

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2
Q

What is the capsule of the kidney made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

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3
Q

What enters the hilum of the kidney

A

Nerves

Lymph

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4
Q

What exits the hilum of the kidney

A

Ureters
Blood
Lymph

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5
Q

What is the borad spaces within kidney to collect urine and direct to renal pelvis

A

Major calyces

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6
Q

how many major calyces are there in the kindey

A

2-3/kidney

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7
Q

What is the collecting area for each major calyces

A

Minor calyces

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8
Q

What part of the renal pyramid is found in the minor calyces

A

Renal papilla

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9
Q

What surrounds the renal pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces

A

Renal sinus

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10
Q

What type of CT is contained in the renal sinus

A

Adipose

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11
Q

What are the two regions of parenchyma within the kidney

A

Cortex

Medulla

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12
Q

What part of the parenchyma contains renal corpuscles

A

Cortex

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13
Q

What part of the parenchym contain tubules

A

Cortex

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14
Q

What part of the parenchym contain medullary rays

A

Cortex

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15
Q

What part of the cortex contain most of the loop of henle and collecting tubules

A

Medullary rays

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16
Q

What is found in the medulla of the parenchyma of the kidney

A

Renal pyramids

Renal columns

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17
Q

What separates renal pyramids

A

Renal columns

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18
Q

Where are nephrons found

A

Medulla of the parenchyma of the kidney

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19
Q

What part of the nephron is always in the cortex

A

Renal corpuscle

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20
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle

A

Blood filtration

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21
Q

What type of epithelium is in the parietal layer of the bowmans capsule

A

Squamous epithelium

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22
Q

What layer of bowmans capsule contain podocytes

A

Visceral layer

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23
Q

What are podocytes

A

Modified epithelial containing pedicles

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24
Q

What covers glomerular capillaries creating filtration slits

A

Pedicles/secondary podocytes

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25
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layer of the bowmans capsule

A

Urinary space

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26
Q

What type of capillaries are found within the visceral layer of bowmans capsule

A

Fenestrated

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27
Q

What is the fenestrated capillary layer in a bowmans capsule called

A

Glomerulues

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28
Q

What creates increased capillary pressure in the glomerules

A

The tunica media of the flanking arterioles

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29
Q

What special cells are found within the renal corpuscles

A

Mesangial cells

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30
Q

in general where are mesangioal cells found in the kidney

A

In areas lacking podocytes

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31
Q

What type of epithelium covers proximal tubules

A

Cuboidal with long microvili

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32
Q

Where are proximal tubules located

A

Cortex

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33
Q

What is the function of the proximal tubules

A

reabsorption of nutrients

Secretion of organic m/c

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34
Q

What are the ascending and descending parts of the loop of henle

A

Thin limbs

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35
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the thin limbs

A

Simple squamous

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36
Q

Where are the thin limbs located

A

Medulla

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37
Q

What is the function of the thin limbs

A

Reabsorb Na CL passivly

38
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

Simple cuboidal (no microvili)

39
Q

What is the location of the thick ascending limb or the loop of henle

A

Medulla and medullary rays

40
Q

What is the function of the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

Reabsorb electrolytes activly

41
Q

What type of epithelium lines the distal convoluted tubule

A

Cuboidal (short microvili)

42
Q

What is the location of the distal convoluted tublules

A

The cortex

43
Q

What is the special part of the distal convoluted tubule with closely packed columnar cells

A

Macula densa

44
Q

What is the macula densa a part of

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

45
Q

What is the function of the macula densa

A

Regular glomerular blood flow and glomerular filtrate

46
Q

What epithelial tissue make up the connecting tubule

A

Squamous and cuboidal

47
Q

What is the function of connecting tubule

A

Connect nephrons to collecting ducts

48
Q

Where are principal cells found

A

Collecting ducts

49
Q

Where are intercalated cells found

A

Collecting ducts

50
Q

What is the most common special cell in collecting ducts

A

Principal/light cells

51
Q

What type of epithelium is found in smaller collecting ducts

A

Simple cuboidal

52
Q

What type of epithlium is found in large collecting ducts

A

Simple Columnar

53
Q

What is the function of principal/light cells

A

Influence water and electrolyte movement

influence potassium secretion

54
Q

What is the order of travel starting at collecting duct

A

Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Renal papillae
Minor clayx

55
Q

What surface lines the mucosa of the ureters

A

Urothelium

56
Q

Where are umbrella cells found

A

Mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureters

57
Q

Where are plaque and umbrella cells most developed

A

Urinary bladder

58
Q

What is the function of umbrella and plaque cells

A

Block water passage

59
Q

What is the lamina propria of the mucosa of the ureters made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

60
Q

What is the pattern of the muscularis externa in ureters

A

Reverse pattern

 - Inner = longitudinal
 - outer = Circular
61
Q

How many layers are in the muscularis exteran at the proximal end of the ureters

A

2

62
Q

How many layers are in the muscularis exteran at the distal end of the ureters

A

3

63
Q

What is the order of layers in the distal muscularis externa of ureters

A

Inner- Longitudinal
Middle - Circular
Outer - Longitudinal

64
Q

What helps move urin

A

Peristaltic contrations

65
Q

What is in the advintitia of the ureters

A

Adipose
Blood vessels
Nerves

66
Q

How do the ureters create a valve when they enter the urinary bladder

A

The enter at an angle

67
Q

What is the function of the urinary bladder

A

Store urine

68
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

69
Q

How many layers is the mucosa of the urinary bladder

A

6+

70
Q

What regions or the urinary bladder have well developed placque cells

A

Thinner regions

71
Q

How many layers are in the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder

A

3

72
Q

What is the musculars externa of the urinary bladder also called

A

Detrusor muscle

73
Q

What is the order of the layers of the muscularis externa

A

Inner - longitudinal
middle - circular
outer - longitudinal

74
Q

What muscle is important in preventing the spread of infection to the kidney

A

Internal urethral sphincter

75
Q

Is the internal urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary muscle

A

Involuntary

76
Q

Nerve supply from urinary bladder to blood vessels is (para, sympathetic, sensory

A

Sympathetic

77
Q

What cord levels does the urinary bladder receive parasympathetic supply from

A

S2 - S4

78
Q

what nervous system is responsible for the micturation reflex

A

Parasympathetic NS

79
Q

What layer of the urinary bladder is innervated by parasympathetics

A

Musculars externa

Adventitia

80
Q

What are the afferent sensory fibers in the urinary bladder for

A

Micturation reflex

81
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the prostatic urethra in males

A

Urothelium

82
Q

Where is the prostatic urathra

A

In the prostate

83
Q

What type of muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter in males

A

Striated muscle (voluntary)

84
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the membranous urethra in males

A

Stratified columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

85
Q

What surrounds the Spongy urathra

A

Erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)

86
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the spongy urethra

A

Stratified columnar

Pseudostratified columnar

87
Q

What kind of surface epithelium lines the distal spongy urethra

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

88
Q

What is the general structure of the urethra

A

Fibromuscular tube with longitudinal folds in mucosa

89
Q

What type of epithelium lines the urethra in females

A

Uroepithelium

90
Q

What type of epithelium line the distal portion of the urethra in females

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

91
Q

What are the two glands in the female urethra

A

Proximal urethral glands

Paraurathral glands

92
Q

What do paraurethral glands do

A

Secrete alkaline fluid into sides of external urathral orifice

Organ histology (8 decks)

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