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Organ histology > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general function of the kidney

A

Excretion of nitrogenous waste, water, electorlytes
regulate water
Secrete renin

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2
Q

What is the capsule of the kidney made up of

A

Dense irregular CT

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3
Q

What enters the hilum of the kidney

A

Nerves

Lymph

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4
Q

What exits the hilum of the kidney

A

Ureters
Blood
Lymph

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5
Q

What is the borad spaces within kidney to collect urine and direct to renal pelvis

A

Major calyces

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6
Q

how many major calyces are there in the kindey

A

2-3/kidney

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7
Q

What is the collecting area for each major calyces

A

Minor calyces

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8
Q

What part of the renal pyramid is found in the minor calyces

A

Renal papilla

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9
Q

What surrounds the renal pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces

A

Renal sinus

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10
Q

What type of CT is contained in the renal sinus

A

Adipose

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11
Q

What are the two regions of parenchyma within the kidney

A

Cortex

Medulla

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12
Q

What part of the parenchyma contains renal corpuscles

A

Cortex

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13
Q

What part of the parenchym contain tubules

A

Cortex

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14
Q

What part of the parenchym contain medullary rays

A

Cortex

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15
Q

What part of the cortex contain most of the loop of henle and collecting tubules

A

Medullary rays

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16
Q

What is found in the medulla of the parenchyma of the kidney

A

Renal pyramids

Renal columns

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17
Q

What separates renal pyramids

A

Renal columns

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18
Q

Where are nephrons found

A

Medulla of the parenchyma of the kidney

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19
Q

What part of the nephron is always in the cortex

A

Renal corpuscle

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20
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle

A

Blood filtration

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21
Q

What type of epithelium is in the parietal layer of the bowmans capsule

A

Squamous epithelium

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22
Q

What layer of bowmans capsule contain podocytes

A

Visceral layer

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23
Q

What are podocytes

A

Modified epithelial containing pedicles

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24
Q

What covers glomerular capillaries creating filtration slits

A

Pedicles/secondary podocytes

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25
What is the space between the parietal and visceral layer of the bowmans capsule
Urinary space
26
What type of capillaries are found within the visceral layer of bowmans capsule
Fenestrated
27
What is the fenestrated capillary layer in a bowmans capsule called
Glomerulues
28
What creates increased capillary pressure in the glomerules
The tunica media of the flanking arterioles
29
What special cells are found within the renal corpuscles
Mesangial cells
30
in general where are mesangioal cells found in the kidney
In areas lacking podocytes
31
What type of epithelium covers proximal tubules
Cuboidal with long microvili
32
Where are proximal tubules located
Cortex
33
What is the function of the proximal tubules
reabsorption of nutrients | Secretion of organic m/c
34
What are the ascending and descending parts of the loop of henle
Thin limbs
35
What type of epithelium makes up the thin limbs
Simple squamous
36
Where are the thin limbs located
Medulla
37
What is the function of the thin limbs
Reabsorb Na CL passivly
38
What type of epithelium makes up the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
Simple cuboidal (no microvili)
39
What is the location of the thick ascending limb or the loop of henle
Medulla and medullary rays
40
What is the function of the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
Reabsorb electrolytes activly
41
What type of epithelium lines the distal convoluted tubule
Cuboidal (short microvili)
42
What is the location of the distal convoluted tublules
The cortex
43
What is the special part of the distal convoluted tubule with closely packed columnar cells
Macula densa
44
What is the macula densa a part of
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
45
What is the function of the macula densa
Regular glomerular blood flow and glomerular filtrate
46
What epithelial tissue make up the connecting tubule
Squamous and cuboidal
47
What is the function of connecting tubule
Connect nephrons to collecting ducts
48
Where are principal cells found
Collecting ducts
49
Where are intercalated cells found
Collecting ducts
50
What is the most common special cell in collecting ducts
Principal/light cells
51
What type of epithelium is found in smaller collecting ducts
Simple cuboidal
52
What type of epithlium is found in large collecting ducts
Simple Columnar
53
What is the function of principal/light cells
Influence water and electrolyte movement | influence potassium secretion
54
What is the order of travel starting at collecting duct
Collecting duct Papillary duct Renal papillae Minor clayx
55
What surface lines the mucosa of the ureters
Urothelium
56
Where are umbrella cells found
Mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureters
57
Where are plaque and umbrella cells most developed
Urinary bladder
58
What is the function of umbrella and plaque cells
Block water passage
59
What is the lamina propria of the mucosa of the ureters made up of
Dense irregular CT
60
What is the pattern of the muscularis externa in ureters
Reverse pattern - Inner = longitudinal - outer = Circular
61
How many layers are in the muscularis exteran at the proximal end of the ureters
2
62
How many layers are in the muscularis exteran at the distal end of the ureters
3
63
What is the order of layers in the distal muscularis externa of ureters
Inner- Longitudinal Middle - Circular Outer - Longitudinal
64
What helps move urin
Peristaltic contrations
65
What is in the advintitia of the ureters
Adipose Blood vessels Nerves
66
How do the ureters create a valve when they enter the urinary bladder
The enter at an angle
67
What is the function of the urinary bladder
Store urine
68
What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium
69
How many layers is the mucosa of the urinary bladder
6+
70
What regions or the urinary bladder have well developed placque cells
Thinner regions
71
How many layers are in the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder
3
72
What is the musculars externa of the urinary bladder also called
Detrusor muscle
73
What is the order of the layers of the muscularis externa
Inner - longitudinal middle - circular outer - longitudinal
74
What muscle is important in preventing the spread of infection to the kidney
Internal urethral sphincter
75
Is the internal urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary muscle
Involuntary
76
Nerve supply from urinary bladder to blood vessels is (para, sympathetic, sensory
Sympathetic
77
What cord levels does the urinary bladder receive parasympathetic supply from
S2 - S4
78
what nervous system is responsible for the micturation reflex
Parasympathetic NS
79
What layer of the urinary bladder is innervated by parasympathetics
Musculars externa | Adventitia
80
What are the afferent sensory fibers in the urinary bladder for
Micturation reflex
81
What is the surface epithelium of the prostatic urethra in males
Urothelium
82
Where is the prostatic urathra
In the prostate
83
What type of muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter in males
Striated muscle (voluntary)
84
What is the surface epithelium of the membranous urethra in males
Stratified columnar | Pseudostratified columnar
85
What surrounds the Spongy urathra
Erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)
86
What is the surface epithelium of the spongy urethra
Stratified columnar | Pseudostratified columnar
87
What kind of surface epithelium lines the distal spongy urethra
Stratified squamous epithelium
88
What is the general structure of the urethra
Fibromuscular tube with longitudinal folds in mucosa
89
What type of epithelium lines the urethra in females
Uroepithelium
90
What type of epithelium line the distal portion of the urethra in females
Stratified squamous epithelium
91
What are the two glands in the female urethra
Proximal urethral glands | Paraurathral glands
92
What do paraurethral glands do
Secrete alkaline fluid into sides of external urathral orifice

Organ histology (8 decks)

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