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Organ histology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises large particles in the respiratory filtration system

A

Bugs, fingers, things nerves can sense

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2
Q

What comprises medium particles in the respiratory filtration system

A

Dust pollen

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3
Q

What comprises small particles in the respiratory filtration system

A

Bacteria

Viruses

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4
Q

What type of surface epithelium is in the nasal vestibule

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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5
Q

What glands are located in the nasal vestibule

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands

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6
Q

What filters out large particles and is located in the nasal vestibule

A

Vibrissae (hairs)

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7
Q

What is located between limen nasi and the superior and middle nasal concha

A

Respiratory region

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8
Q

What is the surface epithelium of the respiratory region

A

Respiratory epithelium

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9
Q

What cells are responsible for the mucocillary apparatus

A

Goblet cells

Ciliated columnar cells

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10
Q

What size particles are filtered out with the mucocilliary apparatus

A

Medium particles

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11
Q

What is the function of the respiratory region

A

Warm air
Clean air
Humidify air
Provide defense

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12
Q

What glands are located in the lamina propria

A

Seromucus glands

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13
Q

What is the mucus portion of the seromucus glands responsible for

A

Mucosiliary clearance

Air humidity

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14
Q

What is the serous portion of the seromucus glands responsible for

A

Small particle filtering (kills bacteria and viruses)

Air humidity

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15
Q

Where is the cavernous plexus located

A

In the lamina propria

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16
Q

What is the function of the cavernous plexus

A

Warm air
Humidify air
provide defense

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17
Q

What part of the lamina propria is responsible for runny and stuffy noses

A

Cavernous plexus

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18
Q

What type of surface epithelium is in the olfactory region

A

Olfactory epithelium

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19
Q

What glands clense olfactory cilia

A

Olfactory/bowmans glands

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20
Q

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses

A

Respiratory epithelium

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21
Q

What happens if the Lamina propria swells in the paranasal sinuses

A

Blocks Ostia and can lead to sinus infection

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22
Q

What is the superior portion of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

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23
Q

What is the middle portion of the pharynx

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

What is the inferior portion of the pharynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx
Respiratory epithelium
26
What epithelium lines the oropharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium
27
What epithelium lines the laryngopharynx
Stratified squamous epithelium
28
What is special about the tonsils of the oropharynx
They have crypts
29
What tonsils have crypts
Palatine | lingual tonsils
30
Is there a muscularis mucosa in the pharynx
no
31
What makes up the submucosa of the pharynx
Pharyngobasilar fascia
32
What is the function of the submucuosa of the pharynx
Add support
33
What is the pattern of muscle in the muscularis externa
Longitudinal inner muscular layer | Circular muscular outter layer
34
What kind of muscle is in the muscularis externa
Skeletal muscle
35
Where can you also find the same pattern of muscle layers found in the muscularis externa
Ureters
36
What is found between pharynx and trachea
Larynx
37
What is the function of the cartilage in the wall of the larynx
Open airway | Sound production
38
What type of cartilage makes up the epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
39
What type of epithelium covers the upper surface of the epiglottis
Stratified squamous
40
What type of epithelium covers the lower surface of the epiglottis
Transitional to respiratory
41
What type of epithelium lines the vestibular folds
Respiratory epithelium
42
What type of epithelium lines the laryngeal ventricle
Stratified squamous
43
What type of epithelium lines the vocal folds
Stratified squamous
44
Why are the vocal folds covered in stratified squamous epithelium
To prevent drying damage from air passing over it
45
What is special about the lamina propria of the vocal folds
It is made of dense regular elastic CT, and supports the vocal folds
46
What muscle adducts to narrow the rima glottidis
Vocalis muscle
47
What is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the trachea
Respiratory epithelium
48
What cells types are most common in the mucosa of the trachea
Goblet cells Ciliated columnar cells Basal cells
49
What special cells in the mucosa of the trachea influence other cells in respiratory epithelium
DNES cells
50
What type of cartilage is in the submucosa of the trachea
Hyaline cartilage C rings
51
What type of muscle is in the musculars externa of the trachea
Smooth muscle
52
Where is the musculars externa of the trachea located
On the back of the C rings
53
What is the outer covering of the trachea
Advintitia
54
As bronchi branch what is the trend in the amount of cartilage
Decrease
55
As bronchi branch what is the trend in the amount of glands
Decrease
56
As bronchi branch what is the trend in the amount of goblet cells
Decrease
57
As bronchi branch what is the trend in Smooth muscle and Elastic CT
Increase
58
What are Extrapulmonary bronchi
Primary bronchi
59
What is intrapulmonary bronchi
Secondary and tertiary bronchi
60
Compared to bronchi what do bronchioles lack
Cartilage | Seromucus glands
61
What is problematic in asthmatics
Bronchioles have no cartilage and a complete layer of smooth muscle (means they can close off completely)
62
What are the special stem cells found in bronchioles
Clara cells
63
What do clara cells produce
Surfactant like material
64
What type of epithelium do Terminal bronchioles have
Simple columnar with clara cells
65
How many layers of smooth muscle do terminal bronchioles have
1-2
66
What type of CT is found in terminal bronchioles
Fibroelastic CT
67
What is the difference between terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles = Simple squamous epithelium Terminal bronchioles = Simple columnar
68
What is the first area in the respiratory system that gas exchange is possible
The respiratory bronchioles
69
What are the most common cell types in alveoli
``` Alveolar type 1 cells Alveolar type 2 cell Alveolar macrophages (dust cell) ```
70
What is the function of alveolar type 1 cells
Gas exchange
71
What is special about Alveolar type 1 cell epithelium
Squmous with zonula occludens
72
What type of epithelium do alveolar type 2 cells have
Cubiodal
73
What are the function of Alveolar type 2 cells
Stem cells Produce surfactant Produce lysozyme
74
What do Dust cells develop from
Monocytes
75
What is the job of dust cells
Clean septal walls via phagocytosis
76
What is the region between two alveoli called
Interalveolar septum
77
What is found in the interalveolar septum
Capillaries | Fibroblasts
78
What is the region where oxygen and CO2 pass between air and blood
Blood-gas barrier
79
What is the passage form air to blood (in order)
Surfactant Alveolar type 1 Basal lamina Endothelia cells of capillary
80
Which type of alveolar cells appear to synapse with nerve fibers
Alveolar type 2
81
What is the cause of respiratory distress of the newborn (RDS)
Too few mature alveolar type 2 cells
82
How do you treat RDS
Artifical surfactant | Glucocorticoids to induce surfactant
83
Chronic exposure to irritants in the upper respiratory tract may cause one to develop patches of ______ instead of respiratory epithelium. This is known as?
Stratified squamous epithelium Metaplasia
84
what is meteplasia
Conversion of one tissue type to another
85
What results from emphyseam
Decreased elastin in alveoli | Reduced gas exchange surface
86
What causes emphyseam
Inflammation from irritants | Genetics
87
What is normally released from Macrophages and neutorphils at battle sites
Elastase
88
What protein in avleoli will prevent the action of elastase
Alpha 1 antitripsin
89
What cells produce alpha 1 antitripsin
hepatocytes
90
What inactivates alpha 1 antitripsin (causes inflammatory emphysema)
Free radicals in cigarette smoke
91
What is going on in genetic emphyseam
Hepatocytes produce but can't release alpha 1 antitripsin

Organ histology (8 decks)

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