Unit 3 Flashcards
What are the three mechanisms of Immune protection
Surface protection
Acute inflammation
Immune response
Which of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the innate immune system
Surface protection
Acute inflammation
Which type of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the acquired/adaptive immunity
Immune response
What are the two main types of the Immune tesponse
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity
What type of acquired immunity involves antibody production, mediated by plasma cells, and is in response to bacteria
Humoral immunity
What type of Acquired immunity is in response to Viruses, fungi; mediated by T Cells, and does not depend on B cells
Cell mediated immunity
What are the functions of the immune system
Store lymphocytes
Increase number of Lymphocytes
Provide environment for establishing immunity
What are the components of the immune system
Diffuse lymphatic
Lymphatic organs
What are the characteristics of Diffuse lymphatics
No capsule
Humoral immunity
What are the characteristics of Lymphatic organs
Has capsule
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity
What happens in primary lymphoid organs
Lymphocytes becomes immunocompetent
What are examples of primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrow
Thymus
What happens in secondary lymphoid organs
Lymphcyts can contact foreign antigens
What are examples of Secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen
Lymph nodes
What type of Lymphatic tissue is associated with Diffuse lymphatics
Mucosal-associated Lymphatic tissue (MALT)
Where are Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue found
Gastrointestinal
Respiratory
Urogenital tract
Where do B cell divide
Lymph nodules
Where is secretory IgA secreted into
Free epithelial surfaces
Where are secretory IgA found
Tears Saliva Gut lumen Nasal cavity Vaginal surfaces
What are IgA’s able to do
Neutralize viruses
Neutralize bacterial toxins
Decrease microbial adhesion to host cells
What is GALT
Gut-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in gastrointestinal tract)
What is BALT
Bronchial-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in respiratory tract)
What are the two types of Tonsils
Pleated tonsils (have epithelial folds) With Tonsilar crypts
What tonsils have epithelial folds (are pleated)
Pharyngeal tonsils
What tonsils have tonsilar crypts
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
What are the functions of Lymph nodes
Filtration of lymph using phagocytosis
humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity
What lymphatics carry lymph to the lymph node
Afferent lymphatics
What lymphatics carry lymph out of the lymph nodes
Efferent lymphatics
What happens at the hilum of the lymph nodes
Efferent lymph exit
Blood enter and exit
What part of the lymph node first receive lymph
Subcapsular sinus/marginal sinuses
What produces the divisions of lymph nodes
Reticular cells
What is the primary cell type in the cortex of a lymph nodes
B lymphocytes
What type of immunity is active in the cortex of a lymph node
Humoral immunity
Where are Primary and secondary lymphoid nodules found
The cortex of a lymph nodes
What can be found in primary lymphoid nadules
Naive b cells
Memory b cells
What can be found in secondary lymphoid nodules
Active B cells
When do Secondary lymphoid nodules form
In response to a foreign antigen
What is found in the Paracortex of a Lymph node
Macrophages Reticular cells some B cells Dendritic cells T lymphocytes
What is the primary cell type of the paracortex of lymph nodes
T lymphocytes
What type of immunity is in the paracortex
Cell mediated
What are important structures in the paracortex of lymph nodes
High endothelial venules (HEV’s)
What do HEV’s do
Promote passage of B and T cells into the lymph node from the blood
What happens to the paracortex during a HIV infection
it thins out
What is the primary cell type in the medulla of lymph nodes
Plasma cells
What type of immunity is in the cortex of lymph nodes
Humoral immunity (antibody secretions)
What is an important structure in the medulla of lymph nodes
Medullary sinuses
What is the function of the Thymus
Establishment of immunocompetent T lymphocytes
What are immunocompetent T lymphocytes
Can recognize self from non self
To develop self tolerance
What is a thymocyte
T lymphoblast in the thymus
What are the characteristics of the Capsule to the thymus
Thin
Dense irregular CT
How many types of Thymic epithelial cells are there
6
What is the function of Thymic Epithelial cells
Support using Cytoplasmic processes Secrete thymic hormones Form thymic corpuscles Component of Blood-thymic barriers Function as APC
What type of TEC make up Thymic corpuscles (hassall’’s bodies)
Type VI (6)
What is the function of Thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s bodies)
Secrete cytokines to influence dendritic cells and develop T cells
What is the main function of the Blood-thymic barrier
Prevent T cells from contacting foreign antigens
What are the functional regions of the Thymus
Cortex
Medulla
There are a large number of T lymphocytes and macrophages in what region of the Thymus
Cortex
What part of the thymus acts as an APC
The medulla
Where are T lymphoblasts produced
Bone marrow
Do t cells enter the thymus as immunoincompetent or immunocompetent
Immunoincompetent
What type of selection do T cells go though in the Cortex
Positive selection
Where do mature t cells leave the thymus
Post-capillary venules/Efferent lymph
What are the functions of the Spleen
Immunity Blood filtration T lymphocyte storage WBC + platelet storage Hemopoietic Organ in fetus
Does the Spleen have Afferent Lymphatics
No only Efferents can arise in the spleen
What area of the splenic parenchyma has a high concentration of WBC
White pulp
What area of the splenic parenchyma has rapid blood filtration and allow contact with blood-born foreign antigens
Red Pulp
What primary Lymphocytes are found in the white pulp
B cells
What part of the white pulp is used from long term storage site of T cells
PALS
What type of Circulation is found in red pulp
Closed - Fenestrated capillaries
Open - open to all blood that goes through it
What are the effects of a Splenectomy
Increase in platelet number
increase abnormal RBC
Increase of Bacterial septicemia (strep pneumo)
Live turns into major filter
What causes Mono (infectious mononucleosis
Epstein-Barr virus in mucus/saliva
Where can mono(EBV) spread to
liver spleen B cells Blood Salivary glands Lymph nodes
