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Organ histology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three mechanisms of Immune protection

A

Surface protection
Acute inflammation
Immune response

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2
Q

Which of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the innate immune system

A

Surface protection

Acute inflammation

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3
Q

Which type of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the acquired/adaptive immunity

A

Immune response

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4
Q

What are the two main types of the Immune tesponse

A

Humoral immunity

Cell mediated immunity

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5
Q

What type of acquired immunity involves antibody production, mediated by plasma cells, and is in response to bacteria

A

Humoral immunity

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6
Q

What type of Acquired immunity is in response to Viruses, fungi; mediated by T Cells, and does not depend on B cells

A

Cell mediated immunity

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7
Q

What are the functions of the immune system

A

Store lymphocytes
Increase number of Lymphocytes
Provide environment for establishing immunity

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8
Q

What are the components of the immune system

A

Diffuse lymphatic

Lymphatic organs

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Diffuse lymphatics

A

No capsule

Humoral immunity

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Lymphatic organs

A

Has capsule
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

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11
Q

What happens in primary lymphoid organs

A

Lymphocytes becomes immunocompetent

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12
Q

What are examples of primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

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13
Q

What happens in secondary lymphoid organs

A

Lymphcyts can contact foreign antigens

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14
Q

What are examples of Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen

Lymph nodes

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15
Q

What type of Lymphatic tissue is associated with Diffuse lymphatics

A

Mucosal-associated Lymphatic tissue (MALT)

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16
Q

Where are Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue found

A

Gastrointestinal
Respiratory
Urogenital tract

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17
Q

Where do B cell divide

A

Lymph nodules

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18
Q

Where is secretory IgA secreted into

A

Free epithelial surfaces

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19
Q

Where are secretory IgA found

A 
Tears
Saliva
Gut lumen
Nasal cavity
Vaginal surfaces
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20
Q

What are IgA’s able to do

A

Neutralize viruses
Neutralize bacterial toxins
Decrease microbial adhesion to host cells

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21
Q

What is GALT

A

Gut-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in gastrointestinal tract)

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22
Q

What is BALT

A

Bronchial-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in respiratory tract)

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23
Q

What are the two types of Tonsils

A 
Pleated tonsils (have epithelial folds)
With Tonsilar crypts
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24
Q

What tonsils have epithelial folds (are pleated)

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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25
Q

What tonsils have tonsilar crypts

A

Palatine tonsils

Lingual tonsils

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26
Q

What are the functions of Lymph nodes

A

Filtration of lymph using phagocytosis
humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

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27
Q

What lymphatics carry lymph to the lymph node

A

Afferent lymphatics

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28
Q

What lymphatics carry lymph out of the lymph nodes

A

Efferent lymphatics

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29
Q

What happens at the hilum of the lymph nodes

A

Efferent lymph exit

Blood enter and exit

30
Q

What part of the lymph node first receive lymph

A

Subcapsular sinus/marginal sinuses

31
Q

What produces the divisions of lymph nodes

A

Reticular cells

32
Q

What is the primary cell type in the cortex of a lymph nodes

A

B lymphocytes

33
Q

What type of immunity is active in the cortex of a lymph node

A

Humoral immunity

34
Q

Where are Primary and secondary lymphoid nodules found

A

The cortex of a lymph nodes

35
Q

What can be found in primary lymphoid nadules

A

Naive b cells

Memory b cells

36
Q

What can be found in secondary lymphoid nodules

A

Active B cells

37
Q

When do Secondary lymphoid nodules form

A

In response to a foreign antigen

38
Q

What is found in the Paracortex of a Lymph node

A 
Macrophages
Reticular cells
some B cells
Dendritic cells
T lymphocytes
39
Q

What is the primary cell type of the paracortex of lymph nodes

A

T lymphocytes

40
Q

What type of immunity is in the paracortex

A

Cell mediated

41
Q

What are important structures in the paracortex of lymph nodes

A

High endothelial venules (HEV’s)

42
Q

What do HEV’s do

A

Promote passage of B and T cells into the lymph node from the blood

43
Q

What happens to the paracortex during a HIV infection

A

it thins out

44
Q

What is the primary cell type in the medulla of lymph nodes

A

Plasma cells

45
Q

What type of immunity is in the cortex of lymph nodes

A

Humoral immunity (antibody secretions)

46
Q

What is an important structure in the medulla of lymph nodes

A

Medullary sinuses

47
Q

What is the function of the Thymus

A

Establishment of immunocompetent T lymphocytes

48
Q

What are immunocompetent T lymphocytes

A

Can recognize self from non self

To develop self tolerance

49
Q

What is a thymocyte

A

T lymphoblast in the thymus

50
Q

What are the characteristics of the Capsule to the thymus

A

Thin

Dense irregular CT

51
Q

How many types of Thymic epithelial cells are there

A

6

52
Q

What is the function of Thymic Epithelial cells

A 
Support using Cytoplasmic processes
Secrete thymic hormones
Form thymic corpuscles
Component of Blood-thymic barriers
Function as APC
53
Q

What type of TEC make up Thymic corpuscles (hassall’’s bodies)

A

Type VI (6)

54
Q

What is the function of Thymic corpuscles (Hassall’s bodies)

A

Secrete cytokines to influence dendritic cells and develop T cells

55
Q

What is the main function of the Blood-thymic barrier

A

Prevent T cells from contacting foreign antigens

56
Q

What are the functional regions of the Thymus

A

Cortex

Medulla

57
Q

There are a large number of T lymphocytes and macrophages in what region of the Thymus

A

Cortex

58
Q

What part of the thymus acts as an APC

A

The medulla

59
Q

Where are T lymphoblasts produced

A

Bone marrow

60
Q

Do t cells enter the thymus as immunoincompetent or immunocompetent

A

Immunoincompetent

61
Q

What type of selection do T cells go though in the Cortex

A

Positive selection

62
Q

Where do mature t cells leave the thymus

A

Post-capillary venules/Efferent lymph

63
Q

What are the functions of the Spleen

A 
Immunity
Blood filtration
T lymphocyte storage
WBC + platelet storage
Hemopoietic Organ in fetus
64
Q

Does the Spleen have Afferent Lymphatics

A

No only Efferents can arise in the spleen

65
Q

What area of the splenic parenchyma has a high concentration of WBC

A

White pulp

66
Q

What area of the splenic parenchyma has rapid blood filtration and allow contact with blood-born foreign antigens

A

Red Pulp

67
Q

What primary Lymphocytes are found in the white pulp

A

B cells

68
Q

What part of the white pulp is used from long term storage site of T cells

A

PALS

69
Q

What type of Circulation is found in red pulp

A

Closed - Fenestrated capillaries

Open - open to all blood that goes through it

70
Q

What are the effects of a Splenectomy

A

Increase in platelet number
increase abnormal RBC
Increase of Bacterial septicemia (strep pneumo)
Live turns into major filter

71
Q

What causes Mono (infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus in mucus/saliva

72
Q

Where can mono(EBV) spread to

A 
liver
spleen
B cells
Blood
Salivary glands
Lymph nodes

Organ histology (8 decks)

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