Unit 3 Flashcards by travis shook

What are the three mechanisms of Immune protection

Surface protection
Acute inflammation
Immune response

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Which of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the innate immune system

Surface protection

Acute inflammation

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Which type of the three mechanisms of protection is part of the acquired/adaptive immunity

Immune response

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What are the two main types of the Immune tesponse

Humoral immunity

Cell mediated immunity

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What type of acquired immunity involves antibody production, mediated by plasma cells, and is in response to bacteria

Humoral immunity

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What type of Acquired immunity is in response to Viruses, fungi; mediated by T Cells, and does not depend on B cells

Cell mediated immunity

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What are the functions of the immune system

Store lymphocytes
Increase number of Lymphocytes
Provide environment for establishing immunity

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What are the components of the immune system

Diffuse lymphatic

Lymphatic organs

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What are the characteristics of Diffuse lymphatics

No capsule

Humoral immunity

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What are the characteristics of Lymphatic organs

Has capsule
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity

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What happens in primary lymphoid organs

Lymphocytes becomes immunocompetent

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What are examples of primary lymphoid organs

Bone marrow

Thymus

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What happens in secondary lymphoid organs

Lymphcyts can contact foreign antigens

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What are examples of Secondary lymphoid organs

Spleen

Lymph nodes

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What type of Lymphatic tissue is associated with Diffuse lymphatics

Mucosal-associated Lymphatic tissue (MALT)

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Where are Mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue found

Gastrointestinal
Respiratory
Urogenital tract

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Where do B cell divide

Lymph nodules

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Where is secretory IgA secreted into

Free epithelial surfaces

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Where are secretory IgA found

Tears
Saliva
Gut lumen
Nasal cavity
Vaginal surfaces

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What are IgA’s able to do

Neutralize viruses
Neutralize bacterial toxins
Decrease microbial adhesion to host cells

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What is GALT

Gut-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in gastrointestinal tract)

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What is BALT

Bronchial-associated Lymphatic tissue (diffuse lymphatics in respiratory tract)

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What are the two types of Tonsils

Pleated tonsils (have epithelial folds)
With Tonsilar crypts

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What tonsils have epithelial folds (are pleated)

Pharyngeal tonsils

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What tonsils have tonsilar crypts

Palatine tonsils | Lingual tonsils

What are the functions of Lymph nodes

Filtration of lymph using phagocytosis humoral immunity Cell mediated immunity

What lymphatics carry lymph to the lymph node

Afferent lymphatics

What lymphatics carry lymph out of the lymph nodes

Efferent lymphatics

What happens at the hilum of the lymph nodes

Efferent lymph exit | Blood enter and exit

What part of the lymph node first receive lymph

Subcapsular sinus/marginal sinuses

What produces the divisions of lymph nodes

Reticular cells

What is the primary cell type in the cortex of a lymph nodes

B lymphocytes

What type of immunity is active in the cortex of a lymph node

Humoral immunity

Where are Primary and secondary lymphoid nodules found

The cortex of a lymph nodes

What can be found in primary lymphoid nadules

Naive b cells | Memory b cells

What can be found in secondary lymphoid nodules

Active B cells

When do Secondary lymphoid nodules form

In response to a foreign antigen

What is found in the Paracortex of a Lymph node

``` Macrophages Reticular cells some B cells Dendritic cells T lymphocytes ```

What is the primary cell type of the paracortex of lymph nodes

T lymphocytes

What type of immunity is in the paracortex

Cell mediated

What are important structures in the paracortex of lymph nodes

High endothelial venules (HEV's)

What do HEV's do

Promote passage of B and T cells into the lymph node from the blood

What happens to the paracortex during a HIV infection

it thins out

What is the primary cell type in the medulla of lymph nodes

Plasma cells

What type of immunity is in the cortex of lymph nodes

Humoral immunity (antibody secretions)

What is an important structure in the medulla of lymph nodes

Medullary sinuses

What is the function of the Thymus

Establishment of immunocompetent T lymphocytes

What are immunocompetent T lymphocytes

Can recognize self from non self | To develop self tolerance

What is a thymocyte

T lymphoblast in the thymus

What are the characteristics of the Capsule to the thymus

Thin | Dense irregular CT

How many types of Thymic epithelial cells are there

What is the function of Thymic Epithelial cells

``` Support using Cytoplasmic processes Secrete thymic hormones Form thymic corpuscles Component of Blood-thymic barriers Function as APC ```

What type of TEC make up Thymic corpuscles (hassall''s bodies)

Type VI (6)

What is the function of Thymic corpuscles (Hassall's bodies)

Secrete cytokines to influence dendritic cells and develop T cells

What is the main function of the Blood-thymic barrier

Prevent T cells from contacting foreign antigens

What are the functional regions of the Thymus

Cortex | Medulla

There are a large number of T lymphocytes and macrophages in what region of the Thymus

Cortex

What part of the thymus acts as an APC

The medulla

Where are T lymphoblasts produced

Bone marrow

Do t cells enter the thymus as immunoincompetent or immunocompetent

Immunoincompetent

What type of selection do T cells go though in the Cortex

Positive selection

Where do mature t cells leave the thymus

Post-capillary venules/Efferent lymph

What are the functions of the Spleen

``` Immunity Blood filtration T lymphocyte storage WBC + platelet storage Hemopoietic Organ in fetus ```

Does the Spleen have Afferent Lymphatics

No only Efferents can arise in the spleen

What area of the splenic parenchyma has a high concentration of WBC

White pulp

What area of the splenic parenchyma has rapid blood filtration and allow contact with blood-born foreign antigens

Red Pulp

What primary Lymphocytes are found in the white pulp

B cells

What part of the white pulp is used from long term storage site of T cells

PALS

What type of Circulation is found in red pulp

Closed - Fenestrated capillaries | Open - open to all blood that goes through it

What are the effects of a Splenectomy

Increase in platelet number increase abnormal RBC Increase of Bacterial septicemia (strep pneumo) Live turns into major filter

What causes Mono (infectious mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr virus in mucus/saliva

Where can mono(EBV) spread to

``` liver spleen B cells Blood Salivary glands Lymph nodes ```