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Ap Euro by Sami > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of Nationalism

A

Geography, distinct culture, education, ethnicity, history, language, religion, govnt, leaders

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2
Q

nationalism’s conflict with principles of the congress of vienna

A

legitimacy (hereditary rule), multi- nationalism, popular sovereignty (lots of minorities demanded power)

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3
Q

difficulties of nationalism

A

which ethinic group had justified claims of autonomy

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4
Q

refions of 19th century nationalistic pressures

A

russia (poland), Germany (austria), italy, balkin region, britain (ireland), eastern europe (czech, slovak, hungarian)

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5
Q

definition of liberals according to conservatives

A

anyone opposed to conservative ideals

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6
Q

political goals of 19th century liberals

A

religious toleration, constitutionalism (civic equality), keep civil rights, expand the electorate, achieve unified german nation (germany/austria)

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7
Q

19th c. liberals and the origins of their ideas

A

enlightenment

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8
Q

economic goals of the 19th c. liverals

A

laissez-faire (adam smith)

remove internal tariffs, get rid of labor unions, promote merit over property

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9
Q

major pillars of 9th c. conservatism

A

throne (didn’t like constitutional bodies)
land (liberalism threatens privilages)
altar (liberalism leads to dechristianization)

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10
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A 
one of the most important political ppl
austrian prince
conservative
maintain havsburg empire
    ||        dynastic integrity
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11
Q

Burshenschaftens

A

student, club, fraternity; want german unification
karl sand executed for murder of a conservatist
|| now a martyr
Carlsbad degrees

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12
Q

The Spa field riots (need date)

A

reaction to Lord Liverpool’s ministry/ Coercion acts: suspend habious corpus (due process of law)
Dec. 1816

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13
Q

The Peterloo Massacre (need date)

A

popular ppl rise up against coertion acts, troops come in and kill 11 revolters
in st. peter’s field
Aug 16th, 1819

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14
Q

The six acts

A
  1. forbade unauthorized meetings
  2. raised fines for seditious libel
  3. speedy trials
  4. increased newspaper taxes
  5. prohibited city/ local militias
  6. allowed nonwarranted searches/ seizures

by lord liverpool

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15
Q

parliamentary actions resulting from Decembrst revolts

A

the organic statute: declare poland a part of Russia

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16
Q

Louis XVIII as monarch

A

made the charter
reaffirmed declaration of the rights of man and citizen
protected church lands
became conservative because of charlesX

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17
Q

Major Powers of congress of vienna

A

prussia, britain austria, russia

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18
Q

concert of europe

A

set about to resolve issues, international diplomacy to prevent outbreak of war

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19
Q

Ferdinand VII’s rule after the fall of napoleon

A

promised to govern constitutionally
dissolved the cortes
congress of troppau/ protocol of trappou: stable govnts could intervene millitarily to dispose threat of war
congress of veronna intervenes

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20
Q

Demands of the Treaty of London 1827

A

recognized Greece as a nation

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21
Q

major accomplishments of George Canning

A

foreign secratary of Britain. Pulled out of continental affairs (monroe doct.)

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22
Q

Revolts in Mediterranean Europe

A

Greek Revolutions 1821, serbian independance

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23
Q

Spark of independence movements throghout Latin America

A

wars of French revolution

napoleonic wars

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24
Q

Toussaint L’ Overture impact on Latin american Independence

A

Governer- General for life
leader of haitian slave rebellion
ultimately abolished slavery in haiti

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25
Q

haitian slave rebellion

A

France abolishes haitian slavery, slave owners get mad

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26
Q

Tsar Alex I and his political reforms

A

suppressed liberalism and rationalism

turned away from reform

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27
Q

Tsar Alex I and his successor

A

Constantine vs. Nicholas
Nicholas forced to be tsar
police state, autocratic, “orthodoxy, Autocracy, and nationalism”

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28
Q

The northern society

A

moderate: advocated constitutional monarchy,

no serfdom, protect boyars

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29
Q

The southern society

A

radical, liberal: advocate parliament, no serfdom

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30
Q

Nicholas I views on Serfdom

A

didn’t like it, but didn’t change it in fear of losing favor of nobles

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31
Q

uniquness/ significance of the decembrist revolt

A

military refuse to take oath
1st real russian rev. in which instigators had specific political goal
want to establish constitutional monarchy

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32
Q

Russian tsar and infringements upon other countries

A

rule over poland

“puppet state”

33
Q

four ordinances

A

1830-

  1. restrict freedom of press
  2. dissolve chamber of deputies
  3. limited vote to the wealthy
  4. called for new elections
34
Q

Charles X and his domestic policies

A 
absolutist (divine right)
restores premogeniture
elections of 1830
four ordinances
protect catholic church (punish sacrolige)
colonize algeria
35
Q

facts about louis philippe

A 
july monarchy
"king of the French" 
tricolour
constitution
catholic is official relig, but toleration to others
no censorship
voting extended
expand colonial empire
not as much attention to lower class
36
Q

Great Reform Bill and its impact on the english electorate

A

expanded electorate by 200,000 votes
kept property stipulation, gender requirements
made revolution unnecessary

37
Q

Daniel O’Connell

A

“the liberator”

won a seat, but can’t take seat b.c. he’s catholic

38
Q

Great Britain and its support for independence in Latin America

A

favored latin american independence

39
Q

major events taking place in 1830

A 
serbian ind.
greek ind. (2nd treaty of london)
nov. uprising
july rev.
belgian rev.
40
Q

where the industrial rev encouraged britain to invest in the early 19th c.

A

U.S.A. and Latin America

41
Q

pop growth in britain, france, and germany by mid 19th c.

A

britain: 16-21 mil
france: 32-36 mil
Germany: 26-33 mil
1830-1850

42
Q

Impact on cities due to 19th c. urbanization

A

pollution, starvation, not adequate housing, disease, criminal activity

43
Q

Emancipation of serfs in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia

A 
Enclosure movement
France: August 4, 1798
Prussia: 1815
Austria: 1848
Russia: 1861
Link between industrialization and serfdom
44
Q

Causes and effects on the Irish famine of 1845-49

A

Plantations
Blight
Penal laws to Catholics
Poor laws

Effects: mass exodus

45
Q

Results of railway improvements on consumer economy

A

Increase demand of iron, ppl invested in capital wealth, scarcity of consumer goods

46
Q

Limits of workers in the new labor marketplace

A

Workers had no say as to what, how much, price, etc.

47
Q

Proletarianization

A

Process by which labor becomes a commodity

Wage labor force
Factory workers, urban artisans, not as skilled after 19th c.

48
Q

Chartist reform movements, measures

A

1st working class movement with specific political/ labor goals

49
Q

British chartism

A

Ppl’so charter wants electoral reform
Peaceful except Luddites
Not successful

50
Q

Purpose behind constructing the crystal palace

A

Great exhibition of 1851

Designed to see how new industries were compatible with enlightened ideals, culture, art, beauty

51
Q

Relationship between husbands and wives in early factories

A 
Men= foremen/ employers
Wives= assistants
52
Q

Work hours after 1847

A

10 hr work day

53
Q

Requirements of new jobs for women I textile factories

A

Textile work
Mostly in home
Less skilled
Lower wages

54
Q

Women and employment in France 1850

A

Most women worked the land

55
Q

First organized police force

A

Paris

56
Q

Trends of criminal activity in Europe

A

Slowly escalated until 1860, then plateaued

57
Q

Reason British criminals sent to Austria

A

Alt. to capital punishment, serious offenders

Transport

58
Q

The auburn system and Philadelphia system

A

Auburn: separate prisoners at night
Phili: separate prisoners always
Backfire, led to mental collapse

59
Q

Classical economists and economic system, govnt roles

A

Adam smith starts ideas with laissez- fairs
Want free- enterprise
Govnt should have some roles
(Currency, foreign, protections, etc)

60
Q

Thomas Malthus “essay on the principle of population”

A

Point of crisis, resources outstripped by pop. Growth

Advocated lower wages and family planning

61
Q

David Ricardo “principles of political economy”

A

Iron law of wages

Advocated low wages

62
Q

Jeremy Bentham and utilitarianism

A 
Greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of ppl
Middle class is the greatest amount of ppl
63
Q

Utopian socialist movements

A

Owenism(new lanark), saint- simonianism (technocracy), foierism

64
Q

Saint Simon

A

Technocracy: board of directors manage wealth and industry

65
Q

Anarchists

A

Rejected govnt, industry and capitalism
August blanqui
Pierre Joseph Proudhon ( mutualism= give goods and services)

66
Q

Karl Marx and communist manifesto

A

Wrote with friedrich
Influenced by Hegel
Exploration of the process of the culmination of history
Not initially popular, but yes in 20th c.
Revolution that proletarians emrge

67
Q

Sources of inspiration for the communist manifesto

A

Hegel, utopian socialists, English classical economists

68
Q

Regions of rev. Of 1848

A

France, Italy, Austria ( Vienna, Hungary, Bohemia/ Czech, lambarte), Germany (Prussia, Berlin),

69
Q

Makeup of the revolutionaries in 1848

A

Political liberal, working class, nationalists

70
Q

Results of the 1848-49 rev.

A

All failures because lack of unity, strong conservative govnnts,

71
Q

Louis Philippe and his confrontations with the republic

A

Corrupt reign, guizot is minister, overthrown in 1848

72
Q

Origin of 1848 rev.s

A

France

73
Q

Facts about the French Revolution of 1848

A

Louis Philippe overthrown, led to creation of he 2nd French Republic, led to Louis Bonaparte, failed bc disunity between liberals and working class

74
Q

Feminist movements in revolutionary Europe

A

Voix des femmes: chill homies
Wanted more education, votes, equality in the household

Vesuvians: non chill homies
Wanted to have free dress, military rights, etc

75
Q

Regions of rev in Habsburg empire in 1848

A

Vienna, Budapest Hungary, n. Italy, Czech

76
Q

Actions of Hungarians during Magyar revolt

A

Annex Transylvania, Croatia, Balkan Peninsula, Slovak

Led to nationalistic resistance and failure

77
Q

Split between German working class and German liberals

A

Not unified
Working class: job security, wages
Libs: unification in country

78
Q

German rev of 1848

A

King Fred will IV
Dissolve Prussia. Constituent assembly
Denied crown of Germany from Frankfurt parliament
Want germ. Unif.
Grousdeautsch vs. kleindaustch (without Austria)

79
Q

Italian rev of 1848

A

Piedmont was most stable, roman repub 1849 (doesn’t last long cuz French invas.)
Giuseppe matzini
Giuseppe geribaldi

Ap Euro by Sami (6 decks)

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