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Ap Euro by Sami > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

England’s advantages in the Hundred Year’s War

A

Long bow, strong navy, unified country, etc.

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2
Q

What happened to Joan of Arc?

A

Burgundians captured her, gave her to English. She was tortured until she signed a contract saying she was not inspired by God. Later she was burnt at the stake. Now she is declared a saint.

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3
Q

Papal Plentitude of Power

A

Pope Innocent III transformed the church into a political power force. (strong politically)

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4
Q

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

A

official statement saying french church can elect own clergy without papal interference

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5
Q

Donatism

A

Sacrament can only be performed by worthy authority

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6
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Realist. Skeptic of Church and church leaders’ morals. “They ought to be content with food and clothing.” Charged with heresy. Followers = Lollards. Translated and distributed scripture.

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7
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

The Avignon Papacy. Moved to France by Clement V.

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8
Q

Description of Renaissance

A

A rebirth of ancient traditions. Medieval to Modern. Growing national consciousness. Political centralization, urban economy (trade, industry).

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9
Q

Reasons Italy was birthplace of the Renaissance

A

Geography, Holy Roman Empire, City-states, Powerful patrons

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10
Q

Consequences of social strife and competition in Italian cities

A

Evolved into despotism, social division/anarch, pushed city-stats to progress faster.

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11
Q

Reaction of lower classes to black death

A

Ciompi Revolt, Jacquerie, Peasants Revolt

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12
Q

Professions of Humanists

A

orators, poets, teachers, secretaries, speechwriters, diplomats

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13
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

“Father of Humanism”

wrote Sonnets to Laura, and Africa

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14
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

“the book of the courtier”

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15
Q

Giotto

A

“Father of Renaissance art”

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16
Q

Masters of high renaissance

A

Botticelli, Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Raphael

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17
Q

Leonardo Da Vinci’s professions and works

A

Architect, Sculptor, Painter, Scientist, Engineer, Inventor

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper (1498), Equestrian statue (1516-1518)

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18
Q

Michelangelo & his works

A

David (1504), The Pieta (1499), Sistine chapel (1508-1512), The Last Judgement (1534-41)

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19
Q

Raphael & his works

A

Baldassare Castiglione portrait (1514-1515), Betrothal of the Virgin (1504), Madonnas Series

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20
Q

Treaty of Lodi

A

Created balance of power between Milan, Naples, Florence vs. Papal States, Venice, HRE

21
Q

Date of Renaissance

A

1375-1527

22
Q

1st French Invasion

A

Duke of Milan tells France to come through Milan and lay claim on Naples. When France comes through Florence, Piero de’ Medici gives them Pisa.

Charles VIII was French King

23
Q

2nd French Invasion

A

Pope Alexander VI invited French again (Borgia Clan)

Louis XII was French King

24
Q

3rd French Invasion

A

Julius II formed 2nd holy league to get French out of land

25
Q

Pope Julius II

A

“Warrior Pope” established Holy league, more secular than religious, wanted gain for himself

26
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A
  1. Preserved Gallican Liberties
  2. Secured annates
  3. Hapsburg- Valois wars
  4. Ended 3rd French Invasion
  5. Kept France catholic
  6. Pope recognized as authority over church counsels
27
Q

Machiavelli

A

“The Prince”

The ends justify the means

28
Q

Factors that led to transition from Feudal to National monarchies

A
  1. Black death
  2. Hundred years war
  3. Great schism
  4. King and town
29
Q

War of Roses

A

1455-1485 Dynastic struggle between York and Lancaster
Richard III, Henry VII
Results in the Tutor reign

30
Q

Valois Dynasty Major Rulers

A

Philip VI, Charles VII (ugly, dauphin, joan of arc), Louis XI (spider, dissolved burgundy)

31
Q

Significant actions of Louis XI

A

Dissolved burgundy, national postal service, expanded trade & industry, checked nobility’s power

32
Q

Circumstances surrounding Isabella and Ferdinand

A

portugal vs. france

33
Q

Accomplishments of Isabella and Ferdinand

A

Christianization, securing borders, subdue disloyal factions, exploration

34
Q

Regions of conflict between ‘one’ and ‘many’

A

France: one
England: one
Spain: one
HRE: many

35
Q

Representative assemblies

A

parliament (England)
cortes (spain)
estates general (france)
Reichstag (HRE)

36
Q

Characteristics of Northern Humanists

A

came from diverse backgrounds, common audiences, religious reform, printing press (very useful)

37
Q

_____ layer the egg that ______ hatched

A

Erasmus, Luther

38
Q

Erasmus

A

Author of the adages, “prince of humanists”, translated new testament into greek and latin

39
Q

Humanists in N. European countries

A 
England: Thomas More
France: Bude', Lefevre
Spain: Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros
Germany: Agricola, Keltis, von Hutten
Netherlands: Erasmus
40
Q

Facts about printing press

A

Inventor: Johann von Gutenburg
increased intelligence of laity
good for printer’s guild

41
Q

Portugal’s role in slave trade to Europe

A

150,000 slaves from South America to Europe

42
Q

Prince Henry “the navigator”

A

Conquered North Africa

43
Q

Who was America named after?

A

Amerigo Vespucci

44
Q

Bartholemew Huminez

A

Sailed around cape of good hope

45
Q

Bosco Digama

A

trade route for spices to India

46
Q

Magellan

A

had first crew that circumnavigated the world

47
Q

Types of labor servitude in Latin America

A

Repartemiento (right to labor certain # of indians)

48
Q

3 Major components of colonial economy of Latin America

A
  1. Mining
  2. Agriculture
  3. Shipping
49
Q

Consequenses of European Exploration of the New world

A
  1. Economic growth for Europe
  2. Benefit for Spain ($)
  3. New species to new world and Europe (tobacco, corn)
  4. Disease

Ap Euro by Sami (6 decks)

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