Unit 6 Flashcards
Define the term cranium
The bones that form the head. The cranium is made up of cranial bones (bones that surround and protect the brain) and facial bones (bones that form the eye sockets, nose, cheeks, jaw, and other parts of the face).
Distinguish between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium
The viscerocranium is a collection of bones that makeup the face skeleton. The neurocranium is the brain case or the bones of the skull that accommodate the human brain.
Name the 8 bones of the neurocranium
Frontal bone
Parietal bone x2
Occipital bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone x 2
Name the 14 bones of the viscerocranium
These bones include the paired inferior nasal conchae, nasal bones, maxillae, palatine bones, lacrimal bones and zygomatic bones, as well as the unpaired mandible, and vomer.
Use precise anatomical terminology to describe the location (relative to each other of each bone of the cranium)
The nasal septum consists of what anatomical structure? What specific parts of which bone make up the nasal septum.
The bony septum consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly, extending to the cribriform plate, and the vomer inferiorly, which borders the choana.
What functions of the various fora Mina of the cranial bone?
The foramina in the base of the skull allow major nerves and blood vessels to course through the skull.
What is the anatomical significance of the temporal fossa
The temporal fossa is continuous with the infratemporal fossa inferiorly. This connection is established via the opening located deep to the zygomatic arch. This is an important clinical point, mainly for spreading infections.
Anatomical significance of the anterior cranial fossa
The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the cranial base, which primarily supports the large frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.
The anatomical significance of the middle cranial fossa
There are many openings in the middle cranial fossa connecting it to other parts of the skull:
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum
Carotid canal
Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve
Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve
Anatomical significance of the posterior cranial fossa
Posterior fossa is strategically important situated at the outlet of the cerebrospinal fluid flow from the ventricular system. The posterior fossa extends from the tentorial incisura, through which it communicates with the supratentorial space, to the foramen magnum, through which it communicates with the spinal canal.
The location of the mandibular symphysis
The mandibular symphysis is the line of fusion of the lateral halves of the body of the mandible which splits inferiorly to form the mental protuberance.
The anatomical location of the inter maxillary suture
The intermaxillary suture is a cranial suture, just below the the anterior nasal spine, between the right and left maxillary bones
The anatomical location of the supra-orbital notch aka foramen
The supraorbital foramen, is a bony elongated opening located above the orbit (eye socket) and under the forehead. It is part of the frontal bone of the skull. The supraorbital foramen lies directly under the eyebrow.
Anatomical location of the mental protuberance
The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle.
The anatomical location of the pterion
The pterion is an H-shaped bony neurological landmark found at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone.
The pterion which marks the union of 4 bones of the cranium is located superior to the zygomatic arch and posterior to the frontozygomatic suture.
The underlying bone marking that determine the shape of the bridge of the nose
The septum is made up of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer bone.J
The underlying bone marking that determine the prominence of the brow ridge
A crest
Name the underlying bone markings that determine the shape of the jaw
lacrimal fossa (2, one right & one left) lacrimal bones lateral skull
mandibular angle (2, one right & one left) mandible bone lateral skull
mandibular notch (2, one right & one left) mandible bone lateral skull
mandibular symphysis
Name the underlying bone markings that determine the shape and the size of the hard palate
Fossa
Foramen
Temple of skull anatomical location
The temple is a latch where four skull bones fuse: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid. It is located on the side of the head behind the eye between the forehead and the ear.
labiomandibular fold skull anatomical location
The superior boundary is formed by the cutaneous insertion of the depressor anguli oris muscle at the labiomandibular crease.
Location of the great occipital nerve
posterior head and neck
Location of lesser occipital nerve
posterior head and neck
Location of great auricular nerve
great auricular nerve
in the neck arises from anterior ramus of face and spinal nerves c2/c3
Location of transverse cervical nerve
transverse cervical nerve
branches from c1-c4. From sternocleiomastiod (posterior) and runs anteriorly above collarbone
Location of spinal accessory nerve
From base of skull, to behind ear and into sternocleiomastiod
Location of long thoracic nerve
long thoracic nerve
Arises above clavicle in neck, and runs under clavicle into ribs 1-3
Location of
lateral supraclavicular nerve
intermediate supraclavicular nerve
medial supraclavicular nerve
- passes across the outer surface of the trapezius
- passes from neck to anterior deltoid (shoulder)
- passes from neck to top of pects.
Location of cervical branch of the facial nerve
runs forward beneath platysma, and sits under jawline
Muscle and nerve supply of longus capitis & longus colli
- Spinal nerves C1-C3
laterally flex and rotate the head. - Anterior rami of C2-C6 from the cervical plexus
forward and lateral flexion of the neck, as well as rotation of the neck.
Nerve supply and action of
levator scapulae
cervical nerve (C3-C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5).
elevation, adduction of the scapula and tilting the glenoid cavity inferiorly
Nerve supply and action of trapezius
The ventral rami of C3, C4 +
Cranial nerve XI
side bending and turning the head, elevating and depressing the shoulders, and internally rotating the arm.
Facial artery: origin, course and structures
Origin: external carotid artery
Course: aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery, internal carotid arteries, skull via carotid canal,
cavernous sinus, optic chiasm, brain
Structures: muscles and skin of the face
Internal carotid artery: origin, course + structure
Origin: common carotid artery at the carotid bifurcation
Course: carotid bifurcation, carotid sheath in a superior direction along the neck, enter the skull through the carotid canal, divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Structures: head (brain)
Anterior auricular artery: origins, course, and structure
Origin: superficial temporal artery
Course: see the superficial temporal artery
Structures: auricle, external acoustic meatus
Sphenopalatine artery: origins, course and structure
Origin: branched off from maxillary artery
Course: maxillary artery 3rd segment, through sphenopalatine foramen, nasal cavity
Structures: nasal cavity
