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Biology Honors > Unit 6 > Flashcards

Unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What the difference between a food chain and a food web?

A

10% rule of energy transfer

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2
Q

A diagram that shows the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next

A

Energy Pyramid

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3
Q

Whats the difference between the flow of energy and movement of matter in an ecosystem?

A

In an ecosystem, nutrients move in cycles, whereas energy is a one-way flow (sun to producers to consumers and is lost to the ecosystem mostly as heat)

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4
Q

An organism that chemically breaks down wastes and dead organisms; nature’s recylcers!

A

Decomposer (bacteria and fungi are important decomposers)

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5
Q

An organism that can make make its own food

A

Producer (autotroph)

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6
Q

An organism that consumes other organisms

A

Consumer (heterotroph)

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7
Q

List different types of consumers (7)

A

Omnivore, Herbivore, Carnivore, scavenger, detritivore, insectivore, fungivore

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8
Q

Difference between scavenger and decomposer

A

both consume dead/decaying matter, but only the decomposers chemically break it down into elements/molecules and return nutrients to the ecosystem; scavengers start the process and decomposers end it!

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9
Q

Which trophic level uses the nutrients after the decomposers make them available

A

Producers

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10
Q

What is the difference between a primary and secondary consumer?

A

primary consumers are herbivores and the FIRST consumer in a food web/chain; whereas secondary consumers feed on primary consumers

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11
Q

Whats the top predator in an ecosystem?

A

Apex predator

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12
Q

A small scavenger that feeds on detritus(dead organic matter and wastes like dead plants.)
ex: fiddler crabs

A

Detritivore

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13
Q

How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next

A

10% Percent

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14
Q

What are biochemical cycles?

A

they cycling of nutrients between living organisms and the physical environment, examples: water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycles

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15
Q

Transpiration, condensation, evaporation, precipitation

A

Water Cycle

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16
Q

Whats transpiration?

A

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

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17
Q

Which two cellular processes drive the carbon cycle?
(Biochemical cycle)

A

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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18
Q

What type of organism is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms
(biochemical cycle)

A

BACTERIA

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19
Q

Why is it critical that phosphorus is recycled in the ecosystem?

A

Phosphorus is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP and is part of the phospholipid cell membrane

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20
Q

Examples of density independent factors:

A

Storms, Changes in pH (acidity), Droughts, Fire, etc.

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21
Q

Two or more organisms using a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific

A

Competition

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22
Q

A curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an “s”

A

S-curve

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23
Q

S curve

A

A growth that depicts logistic growth; shape of an “s”

24
Q

How does cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to the carbon cycle?

A
  • CO2 is a reactant of photosynthesis
  • C6 H12 O6 (glucose) is a product of photosynthesis
    ______________________________________________________
  • CO2 is a product of cellular respiration

-C6 H12 O6 is a reactant of cellular respiration

25
Q

Thigmotropism

A

A plant’s reaction to touch

26
Q

Which cycle involves erosion from rock, movement of sediment, and absorption from plants?

A

Phosphorus Cycle

27
Q

Type of genetic drift-change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

A

Founder Effect

28
Q

Which cycle is the only on that doesn’t involve the atmoshpere

A

Phosphorus Cycle

29
Q

A variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

30
Q

What is the definition of (GENE FLOW - MIGRATION)

A

Movement of alleles from one population to another

31
Q

Movement of alleles from on population to another

A

Gene flow (migration)

32
Q

Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population

A

Bottleneck effect

33
Q

Overharvesting of a species (overfishing/overhunting)
Includes poaching and illegal wildlife trade

A

Overexploitation

34
Q

a change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection

A

Genetic Drift

35
Q

How does photosynthesis and cellular respiration play a role on energy flow in ecosystems?

A

Photosyntheis converts light energy into stored chemical (food) energy by converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars plus released oxygen.

Cellular respiration releases the energy (ATP) needed to maintain cell processes in all organisms and makes CO2 and H2O which is then used for photosynthesis

36
Q

The largest population that an environment can support

A

Carrying Capacity

37
Q

Adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species or an object in their environment for protection or other advantages

A

Mimicry

38
Q

Competition between members of different species

A

Interspecific Competition

39
Q

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

A

Gene Pool

40
Q

A close, long-term relationship between two (or more) species that benefits at least one of the species

A

Symbiosis

41
Q

How does cellular respiration an photosynthesis relate to the water cycle?

(product of cellular respiration&reactant of photosynthesis

A

H2O is a product of cellular respiration
H2O is a reactant of photosynthesis

42
Q

whats the difference between exponential and logistic growth?

A

Exponential: ideal conditions-population growth that is “unchecked” because of the abundance of resources

Logistic: restricted growth-limiting factors cause the population to slow as it approaches carrying capacity

43
Q

Response to stimuli an organism is exposed to shortly after birth/hatching
ex: sea turtles will imprint on the beach they hatched from

A

IMPRINTING

44
Q

Series of gradual changes that occur in a community over time

A

Ecological Succession

45
Q

A non-native species with a rapidly growing population that out-competes native species

A

Invasive Species

46
Q

What does HIPPCO stand for?

A

MAJOR THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

H - Habitat destruction
I - Invasive species
P - population growth of humans
P - Pollution
C - Climate Change
O - Over-exploitation

47
Q

A period of inactivity and lowered body temperature that some animals undergo in summer as a protection against hot weather and lack of foor

A

Estivation

48
Q

Competition between members of the same species

A

Intra-specific competition

49
Q

Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways regardless of population size

A

density independent factors

50
Q

Why is it critical that carbon is recycles in an ecosystem?

A

Carbon is found in ALL organic macro-molecules, so life wouldn’t exist without it

(Carbon also makes up fossil fuels)

51
Q

Curve showing J-shape or exponential growth

A

J - curve

52
Q

Factors that limit population growth of a species

A

Limiting factors

53
Q

Chlorinated Fluorocarbons are chemicals that break down the ozone layer
(hairsprays had these before they were banned)

A

CFC

54
Q

Limiting factor that limits a population more as population density increases

A

Density Dependent Factors

55
Q

The gradual transformation of habitable land into desert

A

Desertification

56
Q

Genetic drift affects _______ populations the most

A

small

Biology Honors (6 decks)

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