Unit 6 Flashcards
What the difference between a food chain and a food web?
10% rule of energy transfer
A diagram that shows the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next
Energy Pyramid
Whats the difference between the flow of energy and movement of matter in an ecosystem?
In an ecosystem, nutrients move in cycles, whereas energy is a one-way flow (sun to producers to consumers and is lost to the ecosystem mostly as heat)
An organism that chemically breaks down wastes and dead organisms; nature’s recylcers!
Decomposer (bacteria and fungi are important decomposers)
An organism that can make make its own food
Producer (autotroph)
An organism that consumes other organisms
Consumer (heterotroph)
List different types of consumers (7)
Omnivore, Herbivore, Carnivore, scavenger, detritivore, insectivore, fungivore
Difference between scavenger and decomposer
both consume dead/decaying matter, but only the decomposers chemically break it down into elements/molecules and return nutrients to the ecosystem; scavengers start the process and decomposers end it!
Which trophic level uses the nutrients after the decomposers make them available
Producers
What is the difference between a primary and secondary consumer?
primary consumers are herbivores and the FIRST consumer in a food web/chain; whereas secondary consumers feed on primary consumers
Whats the top predator in an ecosystem?
Apex predator
A small scavenger that feeds on detritus(dead organic matter and wastes like dead plants.)
ex: fiddler crabs
Detritivore
How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next
10% Percent
What are biochemical cycles?
they cycling of nutrients between living organisms and the physical environment, examples: water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycles
Transpiration, condensation, evaporation, precipitation
Water Cycle
Whats transpiration?
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
Which two cellular processes drive the carbon cycle?
(Biochemical cycle)
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
What type of organism is responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms
(biochemical cycle)
BACTERIA
Why is it critical that phosphorus is recycled in the ecosystem?
Phosphorus is found in DNA, RNA, and ATP and is part of the phospholipid cell membrane
Examples of density independent factors:
Storms, Changes in pH (acidity), Droughts, Fire, etc.
Two or more organisms using a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific
Competition
A curve that depicts logistic growth; shape of an “s”
S-curve
S curve
A growth that depicts logistic growth; shape of an “s”
How does cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to the carbon cycle?
- CO2 is a reactant of photosynthesis
- C6 H12 O6 (glucose) is a product of photosynthesis
______________________________________________________ - CO2 is a product of cellular respiration
-C6 H12 O6 is a reactant of cellular respiration
Thigmotropism
A plant’s reaction to touch
Which cycle involves erosion from rock, movement of sediment, and absorption from plants?
Phosphorus Cycle
Type of genetic drift-change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
Founder Effect
Which cycle is the only on that doesn’t involve the atmoshpere
Phosphorus Cycle
A variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
Biodiversity
What is the definition of (GENE FLOW - MIGRATION)
Movement of alleles from one population to another
Movement of alleles from on population to another
Gene flow (migration)
Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
Bottleneck effect
Overharvesting of a species (overfishing/overhunting)
Includes poaching and illegal wildlife trade
Overexploitation
a change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection
Genetic Drift
How does photosynthesis and cellular respiration play a role on energy flow in ecosystems?
Photosyntheis converts light energy into stored chemical (food) energy by converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars plus released oxygen.
Cellular respiration releases the energy (ATP) needed to maintain cell processes in all organisms and makes CO2 and H2O which is then used for photosynthesis
The largest population that an environment can support
Carrying Capacity
Adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species or an object in their environment for protection or other advantages
Mimicry
Competition between members of different species
Interspecific Competition
Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
Gene Pool
A close, long-term relationship between two (or more) species that benefits at least one of the species
Symbiosis
How does cellular respiration an photosynthesis relate to the water cycle?
(product of cellular respiration&reactant of photosynthesis
H2O is a product of cellular respiration
H2O is a reactant of photosynthesis
whats the difference between exponential and logistic growth?
Exponential: ideal conditions-population growth that is “unchecked” because of the abundance of resources
Logistic: restricted growth-limiting factors cause the population to slow as it approaches carrying capacity
Response to stimuli an organism is exposed to shortly after birth/hatching
ex: sea turtles will imprint on the beach they hatched from
IMPRINTING
Series of gradual changes that occur in a community over time
Ecological Succession
A non-native species with a rapidly growing population that out-competes native species
Invasive Species
What does HIPPCO stand for?
MAJOR THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
H - Habitat destruction
I - Invasive species
P - population growth of humans
P - Pollution
C - Climate Change
O - Over-exploitation
A period of inactivity and lowered body temperature that some animals undergo in summer as a protection against hot weather and lack of foor
Estivation
Competition between members of the same species
Intra-specific competition
Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways regardless of population size
density independent factors
Why is it critical that carbon is recycles in an ecosystem?
Carbon is found in ALL organic macro-molecules, so life wouldn’t exist without it
(Carbon also makes up fossil fuels)
Curve showing J-shape or exponential growth
J - curve
Factors that limit population growth of a species
Limiting factors
Chlorinated Fluorocarbons are chemicals that break down the ozone layer
(hairsprays had these before they were banned)
CFC
Limiting factor that limits a population more as population density increases
Density Dependent Factors
The gradual transformation of habitable land into desert
Desertification
Genetic drift affects _______ populations the most
small
