Unit 5 Flashcards
difference between diploid & haploid
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (somatic (body) cells)
Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes (gametes-sperm/eggs)
asexual versus sexual reproduction
asexual: single cell dividing to make 2 new identical daughter cells
sexual: two cells joining to make a new cell (zygote) that is NOT identical to original cells
Types of asexual reproduction
- fission- separation of organism into 2 new cells (amoeba, bacteria)
- budding- splitting off from original parent (hydra)
- fragmentation- regeneration occur when single parent breaks into part that regenerate individuals (sponge, planaria, sea star)
- parthenogenesis- development of egg w/o fertilization. resulting adult is haploid (honeybees and some lizards)
advantages of asexual reproduction
Faster, only need 1 individual, less chance mutations
advantages of sexual reproduction
creates genetic variation (offspring are genetically different from parents & other offspring)
disadvantages of asexual reproduction
-Lack of genetic diversity (means the species is less able to survive changes in the environment)
disadvantages of sexual reproduction
Requires more time because it has to find a mate, slower reproduction time, less reliable, higher risk of mutations (due to meiosis)
steps of binary fission
- DNA Replication (DNA copied)
- cell begins to divide
- two identical cells (haploid)
steps of meiosis in order
Meiosis I= IPMATC (Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,Telophase I, Cytokinesis I)
Meiosis II = PMATC (Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II, Cytokinesis II)
steps of the cell cycle in order
IPMATC= Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
steps of mitosis in order
PMAT = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
type of cell-mitosis/cell cycle
somatic (body cell)
gametes (sex cells): sperm & eggs
type of cell-meiosis
