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anph 220 (anatomy) > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

1
Q

List the parts of a muscle.

A

Muscle fiber
Endomysium
Fascicle
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fascia

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2
Q

difference between isometric
contractions and isotonic contractions

A

isometric tendon change lengeth isotonic stays the same

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3
Q

difference between the muscle
origin and insertion

A

Origin – the end that attaches to the more
stationary bone

Insertion – the end that attaches to the more
moveable bone

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4
Q

prime mover

A

– the main muscle that triggers a
movement

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5
Q

Synergist

A

– the muscle that assists the prime
mover

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6
Q

Antagonists

A

oppose the action of the prime
mover to help with control of the movement

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7
Q

Roles of the nervous system

A

Sensing
◦ Integrating
◦ Responding

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8
Q

CNS

A

CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord and the name of the nervous system
division

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9
Q

PNS

A

consists of the network of nerves throughout
the body is the name of the nervous system
division that includes the nerves that extend to
the outlying parts of the body

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10
Q

Sensory

A

(afferent) division carries signals
from the nerve endings to the CNS

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11
Q

Motor

A

division transmits information
from the CNS to the rest of the body

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12
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

form the myelin sheath
in the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

– form the myelin sheath
in the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Ependymal cells –

A

line the spinal cord and
cavities of the brain

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15
Q

Microglia

A

perform phagocytosis of microorganisms and cellular debris

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16
Q

Astrocytes

A

– nourish neurons in the brain
tissue

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17
Q

Schwann cells

A

– form the myelin sheath
around nerves in the PNS

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18
Q

Satellite cells

A

– nourish the neurons (same
as astrocytes in CNS)

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19
Q

Interneurons

A

connect incoming sensory pathways with outgoing
motor pathways

20
Q

Multipolar

A

One axon multiple dendrites
Brain and spinal cord

21
Q

Bipolar have

A

Axon and dendrite
 Retina eye
 Olfactory nerve (

22
Q

Unipolar have

A

Axon branch only

23
Q

Soma are

A

The cell body
◦ Control centre that contains the nucleus

24
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive signals from the other neurons and send
the information towards the soma

25
Q

Axon

A

Carry signals away from the soma

26
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulates the axon

27
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath that assist with
conduction of impulses

28
Q

Synaptic knob are

A

Neurotransmitter-containing vesicles at the end of
the axon branches

29
Q

Nerve Impulses

A

Wave of electrical disturbance that travels
along the surface of a neuron membrane

30
Q

. Resting potential

A

Outside the cell = Na+; inside = K+ and negative
ions

31
Q

Depolarization

A

Stimulus causes Na+ to enter cell

32
Q

Repolarization

A

K+ flows out of the cell; electrical balance is
restored
◦ Na+ and K+ are now on the wrong side

33
Q

Refractory period
◦

A

Sodium-potassium pump works to return Na+ and
K+ to the correct side

34
Q

Electrical synapse

A

the neurons touch which
allows an action potential to pass directly from
one neuron to the next

35
Q

Chemical synapse

A

the neurons do not touch
so neurotransmitters are used to cross the
synaptic cleft and carry the message

36
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerve roots that protrude from the end of
the spinal cord

37
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerve roots that protrude from the end of
the spinal cord

38
Q

Ascending tract

A

conveys sensory signals up the spinal cord

39
Q

Descending tracts

A

conveys impulses down the spinal cord to the
skeletal muscles

40
Q

Gray matter vs white matter

A

Gray matter contains no myelin White matter contains myelin

41
Q

Meningeal layers

A

Pia mater – innermost layer that contains blood
vessels

42
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

what is middle layer (very thin)

43
Q

what is Dura mater

A

the tough, outer layer

44
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater
◦ Contains cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

The Spinal Cord

A

has
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
Total: 31

anph 220 (anatomy) (20 decks)

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