4b Skin & Urinary Flashcards
The integumentary system includes which body parts?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, glands, hair, and nails
The glands in the integumentary system are
eccrine & apocrine
Main components of uninary system
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Parts of bladder: detrusor muscle
makes up WALL of bladder
Parts of bladder: rugae
the FOLDS in LINING of bladder
Parts of bladder: the trigone
triangular-shaped opening
Urethral sphincters
an internal (involuntarY) and an external(voluntary) sprincter
Kidney anatomy: RENAL CORTEX
outer region of kidney
Kidney anatomy: REMAL MEDULLA
inner region
Kidney anatomy: RENAL PYRAMIDS
cone shaped tubes that transport urine away from cortex (outer region)
Kidney anatomy: MINOR CALYX
COLLECTS URINE that leave the renal pyramid
Kidney anatomy: MAJOR CALYX
JOINS 2 or 3 minors calyces (collectors)
Kidney anatomy: RENAL PELVIS
convergence of major calyces (continues as the URETER)
Renal ARTERY
brings blood (away from the heart) TO THE KIDNEYS
Renal VEIN
brings blood (to the heart) AWAY FROM THE KIDNEY
Renal circulation: NEPHRON
filtration of kidney
Renal circulation: AFFERENT ARTERIOLE
larger ARTERIES that supply blood INTO nephron
Renal circulation:GLOMERULUS
cluster of capillaries enclosed by Boman’s capsule
Renal circulation: EFFERENT arteriole
Velles take blood FROM (OUT OF) glomerulus to pertibular capillaries
Renal circulation: PeriTUBULAR
pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by renal tubules
Renal circulation: Bowman’s capsule
2 layers of epithelial cells that surrround the glomerulus
Renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system
helps maintain BLOOD PRESSURE
Tubular REABSOPTION
chemicals are REMOVED and returned to blood
Tubular SECRETION
chemicals are ADDED to the filtrate
Antidiueretic hormone (ADH) - to INCREASE blood pressure
a hormone that causes WATER to be REABORBED
aldosterone = to INCREASE blood pressure
hormon that causes SALT & WATER to be reabsorbed (and POTASSIUM to be secreted)
Atrial natriuretic peptipe - to DECREASE blood pressure
causes SALT & WATER to be secreted
Parathyroid hormone - to INCREASE BLOOD CALCIUM
causes CALCIUM to be reabsorbed and PHOSPHATE to be excreted
HYPVOLEMIA
volume depletion resulting from blood loss (i.e. when sodium and water are lost)
DEHYDRATION
when body eliminates more water than sodium
SODIUM’s ROLE IN BODY
(1) determines VOLUME of TOTAL BODY WATER (and how water is distributed)
(2) plays role in DEPOLORIZATION
POTASSIUM’s ROLE IN BODY
main electrolyte; works with sodium for nerve and muscle function
CALCIUM’s ROLE in BODY
strenghten bone
CHLORIDE’s ROLE in BODY
forms stomach acid; regulates fluid and PH
PHOSPHATE’s ROLE In BODY
helps with metabolism, bones, PH balance
ACID vs BASE
Acid RELEASES hydrogen ions
Base ACCEPTS hydrogen ions
CHEMICAL Buffer in regulating acid-base balance
binds to hydrogen ions to alter balance
PHYSIOLOGICAL Buffer in regulating acid-base balance
uses repiratory & urinary stystem to alter balance
